Startling Info About Domestic Violence Essay Topics Uncovered

Startling Info About Domestic Violence Essay Topics Uncovered The Debate Over Domestic Violence Essay Topics At length, remember that you're able to secure all sorts of essay writing assistance at SmartCustomWriting.com. If you'd like a conclusion written by a specialist, you're able to easily get one from my homework writers. If you consult my homework writers you may be certain of an essay that will earn you a very good grade. Our professional writers are updated on daily occurrence occurring in every area of the world. Domestic Violence Essay Topics and Domestic Violence Essay Topics - The Perfect Combination Domestic violence is a problem which affects huge numbers of people in the United States of america. It remains a significant social problem in many countries all over the world. It is a serious issue that affects a large percentage of every society, no matter how wealthy the nation. It is not only a problem of the developing or under developed countries. Men's violence towards women is a consequence of the power structures which exist in society. They tend to bear the burden of keeping their family intact. It might be possible when all the women and men will comprehend the need of women empowerment. Women and kids are frequently the soft targets. If you would like to compose great content pretend you're not knowledgeable about the topic under discussion. However good a policy is, the real benefits will be contingent on how the policy educators communicate it. It will provide the populace with the information on how to deal with the issue of domestic violence. It will be a guideline for the rest of the nation to come up with the accurate means of dealing with the issue. The Fight Against Domestic Violence Essay Topics Understanding of the reason for domestic violence can help in the evolution of interventions which have a possibility of improving the circumstance. Furthermore, the environment in which one grows really deter mines a great deal concerning domestic violence. Nevertheless, the comprehension of domestic violence differs from 1 state to another and from 1 generation to another. The origin of domestic violence is patriarchal ideologies and that should be changed. Get the Scoop on Domestic Violence Essay Topics Before You're Too Late It is very important to realize that anyone can be abused. If you'd like to speak with someone, free and confidential help is only a phone call away. If you're in an abusive relationship or know a person who is, it's your responsible to use the many resources out there so as to find assist. The ideal choice for individuals who suffer from all sorts of domestic violence is to break the relationship. The fact they are victims of domestic abuse challenges the face they put at work. Additionally, there are many secondary advantages of violence to the batterer. A standard system for recording domestic violence is required, since victims could be known to ma ny agencies, none seeing the entire pattern. The violence includes the partner being subjected to harassment but above all, it entails using force on the pattern with the purpose of the infliction pain. To begin with, victims of domestic violence should learn how to speak up as a way to find assistance from counselors. In some instances, it is not reported by the victims because of several reasons. On the other hand, it has been associated with a lot of effects especially to the victim. It is more openly discussed than it has been in past years, and victims today are more likely to know where to turn for help. The Tried and True Method for Domestic Violence Essay Topics in Step by Step Detail Victims of domestic violence suffer from an assortment of physical and mental effects. Survivors know when and if they're likely to find support, she explained, and at this time, there's still some heavy-duty stigma. On the flip side, domestic violence also causes psychological difficulties which include things like depression, anxiety disorder, very low self-esteem, lack of concentration together with suicidal circumstances. A Socio-Economic Crisis Domestic violence against women isn' t a person or family issue. Additional the effects of domestic violence depend upon the sort of domestic violence. For many reasons, males generally speaking are reluctant to report they have been the victims of any assault. It's crucial to be educated on what constitutes domestic violence, the problems related to it, and the way it can be stopped. Serious health problems have been connected with domestic violence.

Kangaroo Facts

Kangaroos are marsupials that are indigenous to the Australian continent. Their scientific name, Macropus, is derived from two Greek words meaning long foot (makros pous). Their most distinctive characteristics are their large hind legs, long feet, and large tail. Kangaroos are unique in that they are the only animals of their size that use hopping as their primary means of movement. Fast Facts: Kangaroo Scientific Name: MacropusCommon Names: Kangaroo, RooOrder: DiprotodontiaBasic Animal Group: MammalsDistinguishing Characteristics: Large hind legs, long feet, large tail and pouch (females)Size: 3 - 7 feet in heightWeight: 50 - 200 poundsLife Span: 8 - 23 yearsDiet: HerbivoreHabitat: Forests, plains, savannas, and woodlands in Australia and TasmaniaPopulation: Approximately 40 - 50 millionConservation Status: Least concernFun Fact: Like camels, kangaroos may go for periods of time without drinking water. Description Kangaroos are best known for their powerful hind legs, their large feet, and their long powerful tails. They use their legs and feet to hop around, which is their basic means of locomotion, and their tails for balance. Like other marsupials, females have a permanent pouch for raising their young.  A kangaroos pouch is technically called a marsupium and it performs a number of functions. The female kangaroos breasts, which she uses to nurse her young, are inside her pouch. The pouch also functions similarly to an incubator to allow a joey (baby) to fully develop. Lastly, the pouch has a safety function in that it helps to protect the females young from predators.   Kangaroos are usually between 3 to 7 feet in height. They can weigh up to approximately 200 pounds. Other physical characteristics of kangaroos are their relatively small heads with their large, round ears. Due to their hopping ability, they can leap over long distances. Some males may leap to almost 30 feet in one leap. Eastern Grey Kangaroo, Murramarang National park, New South Wales, Australia.   J and C Sohns/Getty Images Plus Habitat and Distribution Kangaroos live in Australia, Tasmania, and surrounding islands in a variety of habitats such as forests, woodlands, plains, and savannas. Depending on the species, kangaroos occupy different niches in the ecosystem. Diet and Behavior Kangaroos are herbivores and their diet consists mainly of a variety of plants such as grasses, shrubs and flowers. Some species may also eat fungi and moss. Kangaroos live in groups called mobs, also known as troops or herds. These mobs are usually headed by the dominant male in the group.   Similar to cows, kangaroos may regurgitate their food to chew it as cud and then swallow once more. This behavior is much rarer in kangaroos than in ruminant animals. Kangaroo stomachs differ from those of cows and similar animals; while both kangaroos and cows have chambered stomachs, the fermentation process in their respective stomachs is different. Unlike cows, the process in kangaroos doesnt produce as much methane, so kangaroos dont contribute as much to methane emissions globally as cows. Kangaroos are usually active at night and in the early morning hours, but their overall activity pattern is varied. Their rest periods are restricted almost exclusively to a diurnal (during the day) pattern. Similar to camels, they may go for periods of time without drinking water due to their relative inactivity during the day when it is hotter. Since their diet consists of plants, their water needs can be largely satisfied by the water content present in the plants that they eat. Reproduction and Offspring Eastern Grey Kangaroo with Joey in Pouch.   Gary Lewis/Photolibrary/Getty Images Plus Kangaroos have a varied breeding season. Reproduction takes place all year long, but the Australian summer months of December to February are the most common. Male kangaroos may flex their muscles to attract females and can fight for the right to breed with females. Females usually produce one baby kangaroo, called a joey. After becoming impregnated, a kangaroo will have her baby after a gestation period of a little longer than a month (approximately 36 days). The baby joey weighs about .03 of an ounce and is less than one inch in length when born, about the size of a grape. After birth, the joey will use its forelimbs to travel through its mothers fur to her pouch, where it will remain for the first few months of its life. After five to nine months, depending on the species, the joey will typically leave the pouch for brief periods of time. After about nine to eleven months, the joey will leave its mothers pouch for good. Females can enter heat after giving birth, so they may become pregnant while a joey is still nursing in her pouch. The developing baby will enter a dormant state that coincides with their older sibling leaving the mothers pouch. When the older sibling leaves the pouch, the mothers body will send hormonal signals to the developing baby so that it will resume its development. A similar process occurs if the mother is pregnant and the older joey dies in her pouch. Conservation Status Kangaroos are designated as least concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Their population is very abundant and by most estimates, there are more kangaroos in Australia than people. Estimates range from a population of 40 to 50 million kangaroos, which continues to increase. Humans are the main threat to kangaroos since they are hunted for both their meat and their hides. Humans can also contribute to the loss of kangaroo habitat due to land clearing for development. Predator threats include dingos and foxes. Kangaroos use their teeth, claws, and strong hind legs as defense mechanisms against such predators. Species There are four major species of kangaroos. The red kangaroo (Macropus rufus) is the largest. Males of the species have red/brown fur. Other species include the eastern grey kangaroo (Macropus giganteus), the western grey kangaroo (Macropus fuliginosus), and the antilopine kangaroo (Macropus antilopinus). The eastern grey kangaroo is the second largest species and is known as the great grey species, while the western grey kangaroo is also known as the black-faced kangaroo due to its distinctive facial coloring. The antilopines name means antelope-like and they are found in northern Australia. Some scientists consider there to be six species of kangaroo, including two species of wallaroo (Macropus robustus and Macropus bernardus). Wallaroos are considered to be closely related to both wallabies and kangaroos. Herd of kangaroos at twilight (Coombabah Lake, QLD, Australia).    Kangaroos and Humans Humans and kangaroos have a long and varied interaction pattern with one another. Humans have long used kangaroos for food, clothing, and some types of shelter. Due to their increasing numbers, kangaroos can be viewed as pests, particularly by farmers when kangaroos compete for grazing land. Kangaroos are often present in grasslands and areas that are typical farmland so resource competition may take place. Kangaroos are not typically aggressive when grazing. The situation of farmers seeing kangaroos as pests is similar to how many in the United States may see deer as pests. Sources Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. Kangaroo. Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, Inc., 11 Oct. 2018, www.britannica.com/animal/kangaroo.â€Å"Kangaroo Facts!† National Geographic Kids, 23 Feb. 2017, www.natgeokids.com/uk/discover/animals/general-animals/kangaroo-facts/.â€Å"Kangaroo Mob.† PBS, Public Broadcasting Service, 21 Oct. 2014, www.pbs.org/wnet/nature/kangaroo-mob-kangaroo-fact-sheet/7444/.â€Å"Kangaroo Reproduction.† Kangaroo Facts and Information, www.kangarooworlds.com/kangaroo-reproduction/.

We Must Prevent Bullying Essay - 1121 Words

What is bullying? Bullying is the act of picking on other individuals out of pure enjoyment, anger, or even depression. Some things bullies may do include discriminating others, physical abuse like punching and kicking, and giving out threats. Bullying can happen anywhere; on the city streets, at a sporting event, or even at somebody’s house. It can even happen on the Internet, where it is referred to as â€Å"cyber-bullying†. However, bullying mostly happens in schools. A few examples of bullies are Draco Malfoy from the Harry Potter book series, Regina George from the movie, Mean Girls, and Nelson Muntz from the cartoon, The Simpsons. When these three fictional bullies harass other people, it is intended to be funny. Bullying may be funny in†¦show more content†¦The school should have stood up for Geis and reprimanded the bullies for their actions, but did not. Anyone can be a target for bullying, especially kids with special needs, and anyone can be a bully, especially a teacher. At a high school in Cincinatti, Ohio, a disabled boy got bullied by five fellow students during gym class. He suffered being hit in the head with a volleyball, kicked to the ground, and being dragged on the floor. Even though the gym teacher witnessed the boy being abused, he simply chose to disregard the bullying. In regards to the incident, Tami Stansley, who works for the Parma Police Department, responded, â€Å"We’re deeply troubled by the allegations; the safety of the students of Ohio is our top priority,† (â€Å"Dailymail†). Leaving that poor disabled boy on the ground, and not even simply going up to him, and making sure he is okay, is heart wrenching. Sure, the school did something about the bullying, but the gym teacher did not, and this kid had a disability, making it even more sickening. This just goes to show that even if a speci al needs student is getting bullied, there will be some ruthless, cold-hearted people who will not do anything about it. Fortunately, some people, like a celebrity, or even a whole school, do take a stand to the bullying. Not very along ago, many schools across the nation wore pink clothing as a way to let peopleShow MoreRelatedAtrocious Aftermath of Bullying833 Words   |  3 Pagesoften due to bullying. Bullying should be dealt with to avoid the negative and morose consequences that can affect an individual’s life. Bullying should not be dealt with because a bully free society is not attainable. Some say that reaching a bully free society is not viable because to do so you must reach a â€Å"Utopia† which is â€Å"unrealistic and unachievable† (Kalman). Unfortunately, a â€Å"Utopia† is not achievable, so we must deal with bullying with all our strength and potential to prevent it from happeningRead MoreExplain Child Protection in the Wider Concept Essays1210 Words   |  5 Pagespeople. Today we use the term safeguarding instead of child protection because it covers a much broader range. These changes were influenced by the first Joint Chief Inspectors’ safeguarding report 2002 and formalised in the Every Child Matters legislation outlined in the Children Act 2004. By safeguarding a child or young person we ensure they get the very best of the opportunities available to them for them to achieve the best of their potential while keeping them safe from bullying, crime, accidentsRead MoreThe Relationship Between Bullying And Suicide Essay1308 Words   |  6 Pagesinto place to prevent bullying it would hold the bullier more accountable for his/her actions. The relationship between bullying and suicide is complex. Many media reports oversimplify this relationship, insinuating or directly stating that bullying can cause suicide. The facts tell a different story. In particular, it is not accurate and potentially dangerous to present bullying as the â€Å"causeâ €  or â€Å"reason† for a suicide, or to suggest that suicide is a natural response to bullying. We recommend mediaRead MoreCyber Bullying in Schools962 Words   |  4 Pagesparticipating in cyberbullying (â€Å"Cyberbullying†). This form of bullying that takes place on the Internet, is beginning to become a major problem in our society. Cyber bullying must be terminated in order to prevent teenage depression, fights breaking out in schools, and adolescences growing up to become criminals. Depression in teenagers is a major issue in the world around us. According to the article Cyberbullying, Targets of cyber bullying can experience emotional distress, including frustrationRead MoreBullying Is The Rise Across The Nation1636 Words   |  7 PagesBullying is on the rise across the nation. According to the National Center for Educational Statistics, 30 percent of students of students were bullied during the 2010-2011 school year. Whether verbal or physical, bullying has a negative effect on the victims. Students who are bullied often experience depression, loneliness, anxiety, and isolation. The common types of bullying in a school setting are physical and verbal. With the rise in the use of social media, cyberbullying has become a big problemRead MoreCriminalization of Cyberbullying1026 Words   |  5 Pagescyber bullying are becoming a growing problem, the criminalization of cyber bullying is needed to prevent its harmful repercussions to the United States and serve a s a deterrent. Cyber bullying has become the 21st century version of bullying; it has extended beyond the classroom and onto a virtual world that seems to have no real-life effects. The world is now able to bully someone in the comfort of his or her own home, at any given point, with the use of technology. However, Cyber bullying stillRead MoreThe Bullies And Victims Article Focus On The Problems Of Bullying1750 Words   |  7 PagesThe Bullies and victims article focus on the problems of bullying in the United Kingdom. Bullying is not just a problem in the United Kingdom; it’s a serious issue throughout the world. When analyzing the incidences that occurred with Mark, Sarah, Theresa, Simon, and Debbie, these attacks were alarming since they were vicious where some of the victims suffered an injury from being physically assaulted. The brutality of these attacks deserves punishment since the bullies used physical aggression andRead MoreCyber Bullying And Its Effects1411 Words   |  6 PagesStudies indicate that cyber-bullying incidents have quadrupled in past five years (Ross). Cyber-bullying has become a huge issue recently. Every time you turn on the news there is another bullying, or a suicide related to bullying, incident being reported. â€Å"Love is louder† has been a common phrase among celebrities and influential figures lately. They are trying to send out a message to their followers saying that bullying is not right and should not be tolerated. The expansion of communication technologiesRead MoreCyber-bullying Powered by Technology869 Words   |  4 PagesCyber-bullying has become a huge issue recently not only in high school but in the middle schools as well. For awhile there it seemed that just about every time you turned on the news there was another story of bullying or a suicide related to bullying incident being reported. â€Å"Love is louder† has become a popular phrase among celebrities and other influential figures la tely. They’re trying to send out a message to anyone listening saying that bullying is wrong and it shouldn’t be tolerated. WithRead MoreReflective Statement On Bullying1448 Words   |  6 Pages It is the teacher’s responsibility to control teasing and bullying in the classroom. It is really important to acknowledge that bullying is a serious issue within schools and most importantly is done behind the adults back so it is very hard for teachers to completely stop. According to a former teacher Anne Obrien â€Å"approximately 32 percent of students report being bullied at school. As a future teacher I most importantly want to provide my students with a safe and nurturing environment where they

Marketing Analysis Marketing Communications - 2799 Words

Marketing Communications Adam Doty, Constance Bankston, Allix Eckermann, and Deidra Poltersdorf MKT/498 June 29, 2/15 Heather Teague Marketing Communications Marketing communications are a fundamental part in a creating and implementing a marketing plan to deliver product information, competitive advantage, retain the current customer base, gain new consumers, and reinforce relationships with stakeholders. Analyzing various marketing communication components in advertising, personal selling, public relations, and promotion will determine the most effective route to reach the target market and promote products. Advertising Advertising is one of if not the most important aspects of a marketing campaign. Horrible products with†¦show more content†¦Another way they can advertise is through product placement in movies and television shows. This isn t as direct as a commercial but can be just as powerful in some cases. Building an online presence in today’s society is a must if a company wants to succeed at an international level. With many people however using ad block while browsing the internet can one successfully get noticed. Instead of piggybacking on other videos and doing an advertisement in them, you go viral yourself. Once a video goes viral on the internet we are talking globally exposure at a level that was previously unthinkable. The ability for it to be shared and watched whenever makes the accessibility very desirable. Old Spice has proven it knows how to establish an online presence. While print is dying it is still a viable option for advertisement. However, the negative aspects outweigh the benefits in that it will be cost effective considering between the internet and television the majority of the target market is covered. Radio is in the same boat as well; more people have their own devices or ways of playing music instead of just listening to a station. Perhaps an advertising partnership with live streaming company like Twitch.tv where individuals or companies stream themselves playing games or djing. The target audience is

The Powerlessness Of Women In Shakespeares Hamlet

In today’s world, women of all ages are given equal rights and freedom. In Shakespeare’s time, woman’s obligations were to follow the rules of the men and obey the men in their lives’. â€Å"Frailty, thy name is woman;† Hamlet implies the powerlessness of the two women characters in the play. In Hamlet, the roles of Gertrude and Ophelia are very important in that they are the only two female characters in the play. Gertrude, the Queen of Denmark and mother of Hamlet, and Ophelia, the lover of Hamlet, are characterized as controlled and lost in their lives because they are being used by the men throughout the play. Fundamentally, Shakespeare illustrates the nature of Gertrude and Ophelia as powerless victims by the women being subjects of men,†¦show more content†¦[Done in] England† (4.3.66). Gertrude with no control over his decisions agrees to everything Claudius suggests about Hamlet’s exile. Gertrude trusts Claudius which al lows him to control her in the actions and decisions he makes. The lack of lines Gertrude has throughout the play proves her trust for Claudius proving that she has nothing against what he decides. Similarly, Ophelia is controlled by Polonius, her father. Polonius controls Ophelia due to immaturity and her ignorance of her relationship with Hamlet. â€Å"Affection? pooh! you speak like a green girl, / Unsifted in such perilous circumstance, / Do you believe his tenders, as you call them?† (1.3.101-103). Not only Polonius but Laertes, her brother, constantly advise her to avoid Hamlet because he is just counterfeiting love and his intention is to hurt Ophelia: For Hamlet, and the trifling of his favour, Hold it a fashion, and a toy in blood, A violet in the youth of primy nature, Forward, not permanent, sweet, not lasting, The perfume and suppliance of a minute; No more. (1.3.5-9) Polonius refuses to allow Ophelia to pursue a relationship with Hamlet nor does he allow her to continue any relationship. â€Å"Tis told me, he hath very oft of late / Given private time to you, and you yourself / Have of your audience been most free and bounteous† (1.3.91-93). Laertes and Polonius justify the importance of the social reputation of their family, and how if something goes wrong with Hamlet,Show MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s Hamlet - The Characterization Of Young Ophelia1681 Words   |  7 PagesToday women all across the globe suffer at the hands of their male counterparts. Faced with discrimination, prejudice, and hate, they are forced into a life of unquestioning obedience and servitude. Unfortunately this concept is not of new occurrence. In fact, it has been the case for hundreds of years. This idea is well demonstrated in William Shakespeare’s Hamlet, through the characterization of young Ophelia. As Shakespeare tells the dramatic story of Haml et’s incestuous and corrupt family, OpheliaRead More Hamlet Essay: The Unlike Characters of Gertrude and Ophelia3420 Words   |  14 PagesHamlet -- the Unlike Characters of Gertrude and Ophelia      Ã‚  Ã‚   The Shakespearean tragedy Hamlet features two ladies who are very unlike in character. Queen Gertrude, denounced by the ghost as faithless to King Hamlet, is pictured as evil by many, while Ophelia is seen as pure and obedient and full of good virtues. Let’s explore these two unlike people.    Rebecca Smith in â€Å"Scheming Adulteress or Loving Mother† presents an unusually â€Å"clean† image of the present queen that is not consistentRead More Essay on Hamlet and its Ophelia1968 Words   |  8 PagesHamlet and its Ophelia  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   In Shakespeare’s Hamlet there is an innocent young lady who comes to an undeserved and unbecoming end. She is Ophelia, the subject of this essay.    Bryan N. S. Gooch in Review of The Shapes of Revenge: Victimization, Vengeance, and Vindictiveness in Shakespeare, presents Ophelia as the powerless victim:    Harry Keyishian [. . .] clearly presents in Chapter I, Victimization and Revenge: Renaissance Voices, a useful survey of the problemRead More Shakespeares Hamlet Essay: Observations on Gertrude2572 Words   |  11 PagesAnd What of Gertrude in Hamlet?      Ã‚  Ã‚   To what extent does evil reign in the heart of Queen Gertrude in Shakespeare’s Hamlet? This essay will delve into her character, and into the deposit of literary criticism regarding her, in order to analyze her character in depth.    Philip Edwards’ â€Å"The Ghost: Messenger from a Higher Court of Values?† expresses the necessity of the Ghost leaving the guilt of Gertrude to the afterlife:    The final injunction, ‘Leave her to heaven’, mustRead More Shakespeares Hamlet - Gertrude Essay examples2462 Words   |  10 PagesRegarding Hamlet’s Gertrude  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Angela Pitt in â€Å"Women in Shakespeare’s Tragedies† comments that Shakespeare’s Gertrude in Hamlet is, first and foremost, a mother:    Gertrude evinces no such need to justify her actions and thereby does not betray any sense of guilt. She is concerned with her present good fortune, and neither lingers over the death of her first husband nor analyses her motives in taking another. . . .She seems a kindly, slow-witted, rather self-indulgentRead MoreEssay on Passionate Gertrude in Shakespeares Hamlet2793 Words   |  12 PagesPassionate Gertrude in Hamlet  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   Like so many of the characters in Shakespeare’s tragedy Hamlet, Gertrude appears to be dominated by passion. This essay will explore this and other aspects of her interesting character.    Lilly B. Campbell comments in â€Å"Grief That Leads to Tragedy† on Queen Gertrude’s sinful state:    Shakespeare’s picture of the Queen is explained to us by Hamlet’s speech to her in her closet. There we see again the picture of sin as evil willed by aRead More Shakespeares Hamlet - The Character of Ophelia Essay3341 Words   |  14 PagesHamlet: The Character of Ophelia  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚   Concerning the Ophelia of Shakespeare’s tragic drama Hamlet, is she an innocent type or not? Is she a victim or not? This essay will explore these and other questions related to this character.    Rebecca West in â€Å"A Court and World Infected by the Disease of Corruption† viciously, and perhaps unfoundedly, attacks the virginity of Ophelia:    There is no more bizarre aspect of the misreading of Hamlet’s character than the assumptionRead MoreRomeo And Juliet Ambition Essay1848 Words   |  8 PagesThe beautiful thing about Shakespeare’s writings is that while they may not be canonically connected, they share similar aspects in terms of central themes or driving forces. This is most notable in many of Shakespeare’s tragedies since he uses many of the same faults of man to create a tragic ending. One of these recurring fatal flaws is ambition, and interestingly enough, Shakespeare crafts his work in such a way that the characters all show their passionate ambition in very different ways dependingRead More Gertrude of Shakespeare’s Hamlet Essay3047 Words   |  13 PagesThe Gertrude of Shakespeare’s Hamlet      Ã‚  Ã‚   Is Gertrude, in the Shakespearean drama Hamlet, a bore? A killer’s accomplice? The perfect queen? A dummy? This paper will answer many questions concerning Claudius’ partner on the Danish throne.    In her essay, â€Å"Acts III and IV: Problems of Text and Staging,† Ruth Nevo explains how the hero’s negative outlook toward Gertrude influences his attitude toward Ophelia:    Whereas it is precisely his total inability to know her [Ophelia]Read More The Impact of Ophelia on Shakespeares Hamlet Essay2746 Words   |  11 PagesThe Impact of Ophelia on Hamlet      Ã‚   Michael Pennington in â€Å"Ophelia: Madness Her Only Safe Haven,† elucidates the character of Ophelia in Shakespeare’s tragedy, Hamlet:    This is the woman she might have become – warm, tolerant and imaginative. Instead she becomes jagged, benighted and imaginative. . . .Ophelia is made mad not only by circumstance but by something in herself. A personality forced into such deep hiding that it has seemed almost vacant, has all the time been so painfully

Infections are caused by, bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites free essay sample

Infection is the process where germs enter a susceptible area in the body, where they multiply, resulting in disease. Colonisation is where microbes are present on or in the body, where they grow and multiply without invading the surrounding tissues. An example of this is the bacteria that cause MRSA will often live harmlessly on the skin and in the nose of people without causing any harm at all to that individual. Localised infection is only confined to one certain part of the body and will only affect that specific area. If they are internal they can be very serious, such as appendicitis or endocarditis. An infected cut may also be another example of this; symptoms may include hot skin, pain, redness, swelling and a pussy discharge. These localised infections do not usually make you ill, but without the proper care they could cause a systemic infection. Systemic infections will affect the whole of the body by spreading through the bloodstream. Examples of this include tonsillitis, influenza, malaria and chicken pox. Symptoms of systemic infections include; fever, chills, weakness and aching joints. The chain of infection begins with a pathogen. The pathogen needs the right environment to enable them to grow. They need a route of transmission and a portal of entry. They then begin to multiply and make the host feel ill, then some of the pathogens will now exit the body and the chain begins again. Infections are caused by microbes which are found everywhere such as dust, homes, animals and humans. Some microbes are helpful to us and are called normal flora, others can be harmful and cause infections, and these are called pathogens. Normal flora being present is very important in preventing pathogens from colonising the body, because pathogens would rather grow where there are no other pathogens to compete with. Large numbers of flora discourage pathogens from multiplying, which helps us to stay healthy and be able to fight of any infection we are introduced to. Normal flora which lives in our intestines help for us to digest food and also protect our intestines from pathogens which are trying to invade. Normal flora found within the body and on the skin, will eat dead cells and pathogens. Lactobacillus acidophilus is the main friendly bacteria in the upper intestinal tract. It is important for the body as it helps to reduce the levels of harmful bacteria and yeast in the small intestine. It does this by crowding out any harmful microbes so they cannot grow. Lactobacillus acidophilus also produces lactose which is an enzyme that is important in the digestion of milk. Bifidobacterium bifidum and Bifidobacterium longum are the main friendly bacteria found in the large intestine. Bifidobacterium are important to protect the large intestine from invading bacteria and yeasts. They also manufacture B vitamins such as niacin, folic acid and pyridoxine and help the body to detoxify bile. Problems may arise when normal flora get into parts of the body where they will normally not be found. Such as if flora from the gut got into the vagina it could cause irritation and infection. Pathogenic microorganisms are described as transient; this is because they can be transferred from one person to another. All these organisms need are conditions which are suitable for growth and reproduction. Most pathogens that are associated with humans will grow rapidly at around body temperature whereas some pathogens such as listeria can multiply at lower temperatures meaning they can spoil food. Most pathogens use respiration for the production of energy, meaning they grow successfully in oxygen. Anaerobic pathogens are able to survive without any oxygen. An essential requirement for the growth of bacteria is moisture; most will die very quickly without it. This provides us with a useful infection control measure; we can stop pathogens from multiplying by keeping surfaces clean and dry. Some yeast, moulds and fungi can grow in dry conditions. Protein and carbohydrate are needed by most bacteria in order to grow. Bacteria can obtain their essential nutrients from foods such as meat, eggs, fish, cheese, milk and cooked rice. Many places within the human body have an abundance of suitable food such as the mouth. Most pathogens prefer to grow in pH neutral conditions; many of the cavities in the body are protected from an invasion by a high pH. An example of this is the stomach, which is very acidic and kills ingested pathogens. All bacteria need time to be able to multiply and it has been observed that generally bacteria divide into two every twenty minutes. Infections can be spread through many things, these include; food borne infection, person to person, water borne infection, airborne infection, insect borne infection and fomites. Contamination may happen at any stage of food production, from seed and soil to packaging and cooking. Meat may be contaminated by inadequate storage or poor hygiene. Cross contamination can happen through raw meat. Pathogens can still be present in food due to food that is insufficiently warm. Food should only be reheated once, and drinking water could also be contaminated, although there are hygiene controls to prevent this in the UK. Infections which are spread person-to-person may be airborne, through inhalation of infectious droplets. A lot of virus infections are obtained through inhalation of infectious droplets, the common cold virus is an example of this. A common way of spreading gastrointestinal infections is through the faecal-oral route, examples of this include typhoid, cholera, dysentery, hepatitis A and poliomyelitis which are all obtained through drinking water contaminated with for example human faeces. The pathogens which cause venereal diseases are vulnerable. They die rapidly when exposed to conditions outside of the body. For them to be able to spread, these pathogens need the most intimate of human contact. Infections can be passed on through direct inoculation. Intravenous drug users who share dirty needles with others risk getting hepatitis and HIV infection because of the direct inoculation of blood from someone who is infected. Airborne infections are one that is contracted due to the inhalation of microorganisms or spores suspended in the air on water droplets or dust particles. Airborne infection: Legionella Pneumophila causes Legionnaire’s disease which is found in many natural water sources but is commonly associated with poorly maintained air conditioning systems or rarely cleaned shower heads. Airborne droplets from these sources are the cause for Legionnaire’s disease. Pathogenic microorganisms which are directly transmitted when contaminated drinking water is consumed are waterborne diseases. Contaminated water can be the cause of diseases such as typhoid, cholera, dysentery, hepatitis A and poliomyelitis. Insets feed of animals that are infected and then transmit the infection to humans such as mosquitos. Many diseases are insect borne. The most important historically, is the plaque which was caused by Yersinia pestis and transmitted by rat fleas. Fomites are any inanimate object or substance which is capable of carry pathogens, such as door handles, mops, cloths and bedding. This is of particular importance for hospital hygiene. Microorganisms are classified into categories these are bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites. Bacteria absorb nutrients through the cell walls and waste products are excreted in the same way. They have no nucleus or mitochondria. In many bacteria the cell wall is slimy to enable the cell to attach to surfaces. The flagellum helps with motility of each cell through the water and body tissues. The process called binary fission is where bacteria reproduce. Each bacterium splits into two to make two clone daughters, this process can occur around every ten minutes. Different types of bacteria include; bacilli (rod shaped), cocci (spherical), spirochetes (spiral shaped) and vibrios (curved). Bacteria are spread in different ways. These include; airborne by droplet infection through coughing or sneezing, direct contact by touching an infected person, indirect contact by toughing an object an infected individual has touched, touching foods with dirty hands and bodily fluids like saliva, blood and semen. Types of bacterial infection include; tuberculosis, salmonella, syphilis, legionnaire’s disease, clostridium difficile, methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), campylobacter and tetanus. Each virus has genetic material inside a protein coat which is called the capsid, which is responsible for protecting the cell, attaching the virus to a cell and infecting the cell. After it is attached the virus will inject DNA/RNA into the cell, which replicates the virus and erupts from the cell into many viruses ready to invade new cells. In order for a virus to live and make more viruses they must have a host cell. Some viruses can live for many years inside their host cells without causing any harm. An example of this is a person infected with HIV can live without showing symptoms of AIDS for years, but they virus will still be able to spread to others. Viruses are spread by different things, these include carrier organisms such as mosquitoes and fleas, airborne infections such as coughs and sneezing, direct transfer of body fluids from one person to another such as saliva, sweat, nasal mucus, blood, semen and vaginal secretions, and surfaces on which body fluids have dried. Types of viral infections include; HIV/AIDS, colds/influenza, herpes, chicken pox, measles, Ebola and glandular fever. An example of how influenza may be spread is If an infected individual sneezes near you, you inhale the virus particle, and it attaches to the cells lining the sinuses in your nose. The virus then attacks the cells lining the sinuses and rapidly reproduces new viruses. The host’s cells will break and new viruses spread into your bloodstream and also into your lungs. Because the cells lining your sinuses are lost, fluid can flow into your nasal passages and give you a runny nose. The viruses in the fluid that drips down your throat attacks the cells lining your throat and give you a sore throat. Viruses in your bloodstream can attack the muscle cells and cause you to have muscle aches. Fungi are multi celled organisms that include yeast, mildew, moulds and mushrooms, which reproduce by budding. Budding is a process where a protrusion from a cell becomes free. They make spores that grow into fungi when conditions become favourable. Fungal infections like warm and moist conditions such as the mouth, armpits, vagina and other skin folds. Fungal infections can be spread by domestic animals such as dogs and cats and can also be spread by direct or indirect contact such as touching an infected person or from swimming baths and using contaminated towels. Types of fungal infections include thrush, athlete’s foot, ringworm, fungal nails and pityriasis versicolor. Individuals are at risk of fungal infections when they have recently taken a course of antibiotics, been taking oral steroids, have diabetes, obese, African-Caribbean and have a risk of fungal infections have a weakened immune system caused such as by cancer or AIDS. A parasite is a plant or animal which lives on or in another organism to enable them to gain its nourishment and continued survival. They survive by attaching themselves in various different ways to the body and will often lay eggs on the skin, hair or intestines. Types of parasite infections include fleas/lice, threadworms, scabies, tapeworm, giardia and malaria. Parasites can spread in different ways these include some like malaria are spread by insects, some such as giardia are drunk drinking water, some such as live and scabies are caught from direct contact and some are ingested in food such as threadworm and tapeworm. In this assignment I have explained how infections are caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites. I have also explained how pathogenic microorganisms grow and spread.

Nurses Perceptions of Medication Errors- MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theNurses Perceptions of Medication Errors. Answer: The purpose of this paper is to present an in-depth and critical reflection of the medical error. It applies Gibbs reflection cycle of description, feelings, evaluation, analysis, conclusion, and action to reflect on what we did during the medical error. Health care practice involves associated errors which often occur unnoticed. In this scenario during my normal ward round with the nurse in the pediatric ward, we encountered this patient with type 1 diabetics and was due for an insulin injection at 10 am. Consulting with the nurse, I drew 24 units of insulin as instructed by the Registered nurse. Later when I was checking the patient, and blood glucose had drastically dropped from 14mmol to 3.5mmol. I had made an error with the nurse in charge administering the medication of the patient, we realized that we had confused the readings instead of 2.4 units we had given 24 units. We had committed medical error by wrongful administration of the wrong dosage of insulin drug to the patient . This incidence made me feel really bad, I felt that I was getting affected physically, mentally and socially by the action. I was psychologically distressed, having in mind that I had caused harm to the patient, this made me feel bad and ashamed of the incident. The wrong dosage medication for the patient made me feel guilty. The medical error made me to panic as my first experience became a medical error. (Wolf et al., 2000). Upon further reflection, I realized that this was a chance for me to learn and understand what health care practice is. I started to think of how this error, have been prevented, (Kim, Kwon, Kim Cho, 2011). The positive aspect was that I was able to learn on the management of medical error and how to easily prevent its occurrence in future. The reassurance of the head nurse and colleagues in the facility gave me an opportunity to feel more optimistic and hopeful. After going through the manual for standard procedures and guidelines on action to take in the event of medical error, I regained my confidence. I learnt on how to make proper reporting process and the required procedures in handling such case. The negative aspect of the event is that I felt inexperienced and not qualified to be a nurse; such action reflected my incompetency as a junior nurse in the profession. I was ashamed of what had happened, I felt afraid of punishment and I felt low self worth. I was afraid to talk to my colleagues of the error occurrence. As a junior nurse, as I thought they will under look me as not incompetent. With dealing with patient, I was afraid to offer an apology as I thought the patient will feel that he was being treated by unqualified nurse. The issue caused me to question my nursing professionalism and competences and as a nurse I fell short of my expectations. It gave me an opportunity to be conversant with nursing practice guidelines and procedures aimed at minimizing medical errors. In offering management plan I had to ensure that the medical care plan I provided was of accepted standard and followed standard procedures utilized by nurses in management of patient safety. The facility has documented the protocol to follow in reporting and managing hospital errors in the hospital, I was able to learn these guidelines for my future practice, though not anticipating any intentional medical errors occurrence. Going through the Nursing care practice guidelines offered me the opportunity to ensure that my care thereafter the incident followed safe and ethical process in that the patient had to be informed of what happened in order to regain trust with the medical process Concluding this reflection is that, there is need for me to understand the reason why these medical errors occur, they can be due to human error which affects the health care practice. As a nursing student and nurse in general, there is need to learn more skills and strategies on how to cope up with such medical error and learn to take the responsibility of the cause of the action. Going forward in my profession, I should be able to educate and follow policy and procedures, learn to say No, and ensure that the five rights of medication administration are followed. References Kim, K. S., KWON, S. H., KIM, J. A., Cho, S. (2011). Nurses perceptions of medication errors and their contributing factors in South Korea. Journal of nursing management, 19(3), 346-353. Wolf, Z.R., Serembus, J.F., Smetzer, J., Cohen, H., Cohen, M. (2000). Responses and concerns of healthcare providers to medication errors. Clinical Nurse Specialist, 14(6), 278-290.