MBA 533 Human Resource Management - 1252 Words

Assignment 1 January 9,2014 MBA 533 Human Resource in Management Strategic initiatives of an organization starts in understanding the importance of people. Some characteristics of strategic HRM are performed by line managers, who are the party responsible for human resources. The objective of a line manager is to improve the understanding and strategic use of human assets. The role of the managers are to lead, inspire the employees and understand them as human beings. There is no set time for the accomplishment of a firm to train an employee to the level the firm wants. Every person is different and some may only need a short period of time to adjust, some may need a intermediate time to adjust and we have others who can take†¦show more content†¦In the job where I am currently working it has been very obvious how some supervisor see an employee as an asset and how other supervisor sees them as a person that comes and goes. Those supervisors that seem not to care for their employees and just lets them go without no signs of caring for the firm are the supervisor who have the worst ratios in turnovers. A managers must have developed leadership skills in order to inspire the workers to achieve the firm goals. If a manager can not inspire the employees to do better each time or to realize the good work their employees are doing than on that aspect is negative for the firm. In order for a top manager to be effective it is important to understand how to develop a strong planning skills. In the firm that I currently work for my manager on a weekly basis sits with our unit to discuss a planner for the week and she is not the only one talking. My manager expects for each one of us in the unit to put our inputs in the weekly planner. That skill proofs that we are also an important assets to the firm and makes us feel that our ideas count. In other organizations that I have work for, the leaders are only for themselves. If you ask to many questions, you feel in the air theShow MoreRelatedStrategic Organization Initiatives vs Hr Approaches Essay794 Words   |  4 PagesASSIGNMENT 1 LARA Z. ALTINOK MBA 533 HUMAN RESOURCE in MANAGEMENT Instructor: Dr. George Zagursky Introduction This paper will analyze two strategic initiatives of an organization and how they match up with the HR approaches. Many organizations realize that it is their people who bring them a competitive advantage in the marketplace. Well planned HR management policies and practices are one of the common denominators of successful organizations. 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Accessed: 27/11/2011 04:22 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/termsRead MoreStrategic Human Resource Management View.Pdf Uploaded Successfully133347 Words   |  534 PagesVIEW Strategic Human Resource Management Taken from: Strategic Human Resource Management, Second Edition by Charles R. Greer Copyright  © 2001, 1995 by Prentice-Hall, Inc. A Pearson Education Company Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 Compilation Copyright  © 2003 by Pearson Custom Publishing All rights reserved. This copyright covers material written expressly for this volume by the editor/s as well as the compilation itself. 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What Makes A Good Leader - 1271 Words

What is a good leader? Often, when we think of a â€Å"good leader†, we think that they must be good people. We associate the word â€Å"good† with empathy, ethics, being honourable, and morality. Because of the implication of the word, we have a skewed and biased understanding of what makes a â€Å"good† leader. Instead, I want you to think of what it means to be an effective leader. This removes the bias that comes with the word good. So, what is an effective leader? Being a visionary, being persuasive or inspiring, and achieving set goals are hallmarks of effective leadership. An effective leader does not need empathy or ethics. An effective leader has a vision; he knows what he wants and how to get there. His goal must be obtainable yet worth working for, and he has to know how to work towards his objective. â€Å"†¦leadership success always starts with vision. John F. Kennedy famously dreamed of putting a man on the moon. Eleanor Roosevelt envisioned a world of equal opportunity for women and minorities†¦. Compelling visions can truly change the world† (john ryan, forbes) Fidel Castro had a vision of a better country. With the help of his brother, he started a revolution to change the current government. As president, he wanted free education to be available for everyone, better healthcare, and economic growth. He wanted to abolish corruption, eliminate prostitution and end legal discrimination. His vision was enough to inspire thousands of people to support him. He had goals that wereShow MoreRelatedWhat Makes A Leader A Good Leader? Essay1528 Words   |  7 PagesWhat makes a leader a good leader? If being a leader was an easy task, then anyone would become a leader. In order for an individual to rise above others and become a good leader, they need to acquire a few personal skills and characteristics. 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Sony Ericsson Swot Analysis Essay Example For Students

Sony Ericsson Swot Analysis Essay Sony Ericsson SWOT Analysis Strength Diversity among products. Sony as a brand name. Weakness Lack in understanding Customer Preferences Less technology advancement Lack of user centered designs. Lack of Brand awareness globally Opportunities Mobile phones market in developing High % of young market Strong Customer demand for innovative product High Disposable income in emerging markets. Network capabilities and low tariff of service providers. Threats Landline penetration and introduction of Sky phones for rural areas. Intense competition. Bargaining power of consumers. The Marketing Mix and Product Strategy Key marketing strategies which are identified:- The products should be stylish and in with the current trend and technology. One of the noted trends is the ‘only touch screen mobile handsets, with the advent of iphone from Apple and a phone from the LG- Prada tie-up. If the emerging markets and trend are focused, then style would play a major role as the Nepalese consumers are mostly young adults with an increasing amount of disposable income and they look for brands which are fashionable, especially. Sony Ericsson should be differentiated according to pricing. With heavy competition cutting down on the profits, Future Tech (Sony Ericsson) should look into new markets using the penetration pricing technique and create a new market segment, like what Nokia did in India with their Nokia 1130 mobile which was a dust proof phone with a torch. Product differentiation could be done on the basis of the respective bundling; if it focuses on music player then it should be placed in a separate category from the handset which has camera as its specialty. The emphasis should be given to direct marketing and customer relationship management (CRM). ) The Marketing Mix and Product Strategy A key part of brand development is making your brand more instantly accessible in memory and thats what product placement does. So, placement should be utilized in the digital media to make a mark on the customers psyche. Also, strategic placement of advertisements in youth oriented program to target teenagers. The product needs to be placed strategically in such a way that customers treat it as a status symbol and a fashion statement. This could be done by direct marketing in mega malls and boutique shops, to improve the brand image. Future tech should endorse local film stars and athletes for their products and not go for international stars, which the local people wouldnt be able to relate to. Physical settings of the showroom should be trendy and modern to give the general impression of the brand. It should not just confirm to the assumptions of the consumer but also delight them. The mobile phones should also be placed strategically such that the best phones should be in the front and the cheapest at the back. The employees dealing with the customers should be given special training as to how to be presentable, pleasing, and well-mannered and how to handle the customers efficiently. The training would set a certain standard across all outlets and increase the consumer satisfaction The Marketing Mix and Product Strategy Warranty and Insurance Sony Ericsson units come with a standard 1-year warranty for parts and functionality and 6 months for battery. The warranty excludes cosmetic damage whereas replacement casing may be purchased and then applied free of charge in Sony Repair Centers. For the holders of Sony Ericsson Privilege card, there is an option for upgraded warranty by payment of a nominal charge. Insurance is a new terminology in Mobile market, but it is very effective tool globally. Future Tech should tie up with some insurance company for insurance of mobile phone. ( it is a value added strategy or marketing gimmick to attract customers). After Sale service Service Plus Future Tech should heighten its already excellent customer service to further differentiate it from competitor brands. In order to align itself with the various needs of its clientele, there will be a provision for different ‘Tiers of Service for Sony Ericsson Privilege Card holders silver / gold / platinum. The Card tiering will be contingent on the points accumulated. Sony customer care service centers promise a one-day maximum period within which to respond to queries. Taking advantage of the client contact which this entails, service representatives handling repairs may extend the option of loaning temporary units at a nominal charge until the users phone has been completely repaired. Future Tech will also provide assistance to clients who need to retrieve data or contact numbers from damaged units. These servicing station should be very visible and in major outlets as well. Branding/Rebranding For Sony Ericsson to boost it’s the corporate identity, it is recommended the re-branding of mobile phones under the umbrella brand, Sony. The concept is similar to that utilized by Motorola (Moto-Razor, Moto-Flip, etc. ). This strategy will help leverage upon the existing strong brand equity of Sony in the appliance industry, as well as its reputation for product innovation. ). This not only reinforces the existing brand awareness of Sony but also tells customers about what advantages Sony Ericsson mobile phones are capable of bringing to them. It is proposed to establish strategic partnerships that will help Sony Ericsson reach the primary target market as well as the secondary target market more effectively. This will help create a stronger brand recall for Sony Ericsson mobile phones in each category. In addition, a club of Sony mobile users and users of Sony home appliances with cross-product discounts, and membership perks in other establishments will be provided upon purchase of the said appliances. For instance, a customer will be entitled to a certain number of credits which may be used in purchasing a Sony Ericsson mobile phone when he purchases a television. Launches: Any new product launched by Future tech should be talk of the town. The launch should be carried out with press meet and backed up with huge media campaign. Pricing Policies: Future Tech retail price will be issued to the distributors for strict implementation. Strict monitoring will be implemented to ensure that retailers would not dilute the brand by selling it at a lower price The Marketing Mix and Product Strategy Distribution Strategy Existing Distribution system Sony Ericsson’s current distribution system consists of one national supplier who acts as exclusive distributor agent to the Nepal. This supplier distributes to: a. 3 Concept Stores which are Future tech own store and display ONLY Sony phones. b. Over 150 Authorized dealers which are multi-brand stores The problem of ‘Grey market is huge due to a VAT to be paid to government Channels Members: Proposed Distribution System In order to increase sales volume and market share, the following alternate distribution model is proposed: Traditional Distribution Channels Marijuana Persuasive EssayThe objective of sales promotion is to induce purchase as well as to retain existing customers by providing special incentives for Future Tech customers. It is specially encouraged that Future tech should tie-up with corporations to allow discounts for employees. This promotion move will prove to be highly effective as the primary target segment is the young working professionals. This is an ideal strategic tie-up as it will certainly generate sales volume as well as brand awareness. There is no better advertising strategy than word of mouth advertising. In addition, there will be strategic tie-ups with TV, FM. For example, audience tuning to Kantipur TV programs answering questions correctly given after the end of the program can get Sony Ericsson mobile phones as prizes. In turn, KTV will indirectly promote Sony Ericsson brand awareness by mentioning the Sony Ericsson as prize-givers. For music stores: customers purchasing CDs, VCDs, DVDs from music stores will get their points added in their. Sony Ericsson Privilege Cards. Kiosks located in the business district will be geared at promoting the new line, Executive series. This will bring us closer to our primary target segment. Sales Promotion or Sales Tactics Sony Ericsson Privilege Cards: Sony Ericsson Privilege Cards forges a community of Sony Ericsson customers. This club is not only exclusively for Sony Ericsson mobile phone users but also for users of other Sony Ericsson products. It is aimed at strengthening corporate identity. Based on the amount of purchase, there will be 4 tiers of membership: 1) Regular, 2) Silver, 3) Gold ; 4) Platinum. Promo mechanics will operate along the lines of purchases entitling customers membership in Sony Ericsson Privilege Cards. In this system, customers may earn loyalty points commensurate to the amount of their purchase. Upon accumulating a certain number of points, their membership will be upgraded to Silver or Gold status, allowing them increasing privileges. Sony Ericsson Privilege Cards membership will provide customers many benefits. First, redemption of loyalty points will be in the form of discounts among an extensive range of Sony Ericsson or Sony Products. Depending on level of membership, customers may avail of offers for extended warranties and product service. Members may also earn points on the surrender or exchange of Sony Ericsson products which they intend to replace. Replacements can then be purchased at a discount, using loyalty points as credit. Special promotions and exclusive discounts will be exclusive to members of the Sony Ericsson Privilege Cards. Sony Ericsson Privilege Card Club will be beneficial not only to customers, but to the company as well. The club will create sustainable strong brand loyalty, promoting customer advocacy and stronger repeat purchase due to perks and conveniences. The Sony Ericsson Privilege Cards Club will be an ambassador for Corporate Social Responsibility, a medium for communicating Sony Ericsson’s social responsiveness to the public. Members will be made aware of Sony Ericsson’s initiatives of proper disposal of hazardous parts via notices which accompany promotional letters, emails, and text messages Sales Promotion or Sales Tactics Public Relations: Sony Ericsson should embark on the program Batteries Return. Most of the time, when the battery is no longer usable, customers will just throw away and therefore cause damage to the environment. Future Tech should practices Corporate Social Responsibility by asking its customers to return its batteries and to reproduce/or discard them so as not to damage the environment. In return, customers will be able to add in Sony Ericsson points for their Sony Ericsson privilege Cards. This action plan will no doubt be receiving coverage from media such as television/newspapers of this action program is to project Future Tech as a green corporation and that people in the Sony Ericsson community care greatly about the environment. Sales Promotion or Sales Tactics Dealer Commission Dealer commission to be at par with Competitors and additional commissions on cash purchase bulk lifting to be given to the dealers. Additional 1% bonuses on total turn over to be given if achieved 100% target which is additional to target bonus. Incentives to Sales persons Model wise sales wise incentives to be given to the sales persons to motivate them. Participations in trade shows and fairs To get the word out about our product we will participate in market and trade fairs in different parts of the country. Trade shows in Nepal are no longer based on strictly industrial goods and the business class. Today, the biggest trade shows are organized for the middle income group and more towards household groups that fit into our target market These Trade fairs will provide us with an incredible opportunity to get in touch with the real end consumers and to understand the needs and also what their demands of our product are. Continuous Training Programs on sales and Marketing Programs related to sales and marketing to be conducted on regular basis so as to ensure that sales team is motivated and are not new to the innovation and ideas of the world. Direct Marketing or mass mailing It is recommended to have a tie up with different commercials banks and magazines to distribute our product leaflets and schemes to their clientele.

Hotel Operation Management free essay sample

Hospitality is an undeniable aspect of the civilized world as testified by various literatures from all over the world. A warm and friendly reception of guests is considered as mandatory by many cultures around the world. Albeit, the face of hospitality changed drastically according to changing times to become more financial oriented, the basic aspect of hospitality still remains the same. With the growth of travel the hospitality industry grew by leaps and bounds. This essay tries to look at the hospitality industry from its humble beginnings to the ultra modern hotels and mind boggling technologies of the future. At the same time it also tries to identify the growing problems that the industry managers are increasingly forced to handle on a daily basis. The contemporary trends to attract customers and the challenges while doing so are the other main aspects of the essay. Hospitality in its most basic form would mean providing service to others and the art of being hospitable. The hospitality industry has its roots right in the ancient times. Right since the ancient Greek and Roman times there have been instances of travelers and also guest rules and facilities. The middle ages gave birth to the idea of inns that provided safety, security, food and accommodation to the guests. But, these were typically in private homes. The concept of established and institutionalized hospitality can be traced back to the opening of the Savoy Hotel with Cesar Ritz as its General Manager. However, it was after the Second World War that travel boomed. The other main reason for the drastic increase in travelling was the emergence of globalization that necessitated the concept of frequent travelling. Along with this, the cross-continental travel, facilitated by the Trans-Atlantic flights, was another important reason for the boom in the international travel which resulted in the rapid growth of the hospitality industry. Hospitality would mean receiving and treating strangers as guests in a warm and a friendly way. This would entail welcoming the guest and providing consistent and quality service. The hospitality industry performs a similar function, albeit in an institutionalized manner. Although many a times, the economic aspect of the hospitality becomes the primary driving force of the industry; the first motive should ideally be providing excellent and affordable service (Hogan 2008). The business dictionary defines hospitality as, ‘hotels, motels, inns or such businesses that provides transitional or short-term lodging, with or without food (Business Dictionary 2013). This definition encompasses the two main aspects of the hospitality industry; lodging and boarding. However, the most important aspect of the hospitality industry is its inclination towards guest satisfaction; indeed, to provide a service of a ‘home away from home’. This can be only achieved by providing exemplary service that focuses on exceeding the expectations of the guests. The hospitality industry may be widely regarded as an institution providing food and beverage; but, the greatest profits for the hotels are from the sales of rooms which is a service and not a product as it is resold daily and if not sold is a perishable commodity. Service is an essential part of and industry. Providing quality service is of utmost importance especially in the context of the hospitality industry, which is primarily regarded as a service industry. Service can be defined as a type of economic activity that is intangible, is not stored and does not result in ownership. Service is consumed at the point of sale (Investorwords 2013). This means that service is not just a product that can be pre-packed and sold over the counter. It involves a human aspect that makes the delivery of consistent and efficient service such a difficult task. This aspect of intangibility along with inseparability is a practical problem for the managers. Because, different people respond to different situations differently and the service that takes place between the consumer and the provider is generally irrevocable by nature. This makes the task of the managers very difficult in their endeavor to meet rising customer expectations. This phenomenon of rising customer expectations is a direct result of the growth of the global hospitality industry. The rising competition dictates that the competing hotels constantly try to outsmart each other in providing excellent guest service to ensure repeat guests. The physical aspects of the hotels cannot be changed: but, the service standards can be constantly raised to create a niche for the hotel. The current global scenario of the hospitality industry dictates that the customer is king and due to this rising competition one of the main concerns of the contemporary manager is the aspect of differentiating ones hotel from the competition to emerge as the winner in the race to attract customers and win their loyalty. Providing excellent customer service by meeting guest needs is not the only thing expected at present. The current demand is to exceed customer expectations by anticipating their needs and working towards fulfilling them (Scribd 2012). The other main factor that fuels this tendency is the fact that the contemporary customer is not really brand loyal as of old. They will have a set budget and due to the rising number of hotels will choose the hotel that provides the guest with the maximum value for money. Therefore, proactive measures to increase the efficiency of the service staff to be more empathetic towards the needs of the guests are required. At the same time adding value to the stay of the guests by providing them with various facilities and amenities like high speed internet connections and Wi-Fi zones in the rooms and other public areas of the hotels, spa services, gym and fitness centers, multiple fine-dining options are considered mandatory by hotels to achieve complete guest satisfaction (Victorino et al.2012). However, care should be taken to ensure that the services being provided are the ones that tackle the core necessities of the guests; otherwise, there is a possibility of the facilities to become mere add-ons having little or no relevance to the needs of the guests, therefore having no positive impact on the guests. The proposed new facilities should also stand the test of financial feasibility. In spite of all this, it remains a fact that service innovation is very important not only to meet guest needs but also to exceed guest expectations and provide a unique and amazing experience to the guest; this will ensure repeat customers and inspire brand loyalty. The changing landscape of the global hospitality industry tends to inspire imitation of the successful strategies employed by the competing hotels. In such a scenario, the upcoming hotels have the strategic advantage of bringing in better facilities than the existing competitors. However, this can be countered by ever increasing service standards by the method of service innovation. This has been hailed as the most comprehensive way to deal with the increasing changes (Wood and Brotherton 2008). Service innovation was comprehensively defined by Forfas (2006) by defining service innovation as a new or considerably changed service concept, client interaction channel, service delivery system or technological concept that individually, but most likely in combination, leads to one or more (re)new(ed) service functions that are new to the firm and do change the service/good offered on the market and do require structurally new technological, human or organizational capabilities of the service organization. This definition throws light upon the various functions that the concept of service innovation plays in the hotel’s evolution towards being a model of guest satisfaction. Service innovation can be in something as little as garlanding the guest when they enter or providing the guests with facilities for in room check-ins that will nullify the need of long queues and also add the personal touch and warmth of human interaction to the otherwise mechanical aspect of guest check-ins. Introduction of new services by product development like the usage of advanced technology in the form of I-Pad controlled rooms are another aspect of service innovation that can be utilized effectively to add value to the stay of the guests. Another way that the new innovations can be used to please guests is by combining them with existing services. For example, newspapers are traditionally provided by hotels to their guests on a daily basis. Along with this, electronic copies of international journals can be provided to the guests on demand; thus, effectively increasing the guest satisfaction without increasing the costs incurred. The existing facilities like the pool, spa, fitness center and the transport services can be combined in innovative ways to cater to the needs of the different customer segments. Other innovations that are not capital heavy like flexible check-in and check-out potions and childcare facilities require minor adjustment in the staff working and other policies; but, can have a huge influence on the psychology of the guests. Making the stay of the guests a memorable one can be achieved by using technologies like customized room decor. All of these measures are driven by a continuous need of the hotel to innovate and achieve guest satisfaction (Victorino et al. 2012). But, the main problems of trying to achieve guest satisfaction by service innovation are the possibility of redundancy or financial infeasibility. Therefore, the managers have to be very careful that the focus of the hotel remains as the satisfaction of the guests and not just continuous innovations. The hotels have to understand the needs of the guests by using various techniques like their feedbacks and also utilize surveys to ascertain the most necessary facilities and services and then implement them. Development of a target market will be a huge boost to the strategy of the hotel as it will allow the hotel to develop its services according to the needs of this target clientele (Karmakar 2004). The rapid spurt in technology is another main reason for the need for continuous change in the service requirements of the hotels. Technology is the most recent form of innovations and it forms an indispensable part of the hospitality industry. Technology is present in all the aspects of the hotel and is rapidly developing each of its functions. This is apparent in the quick addressal of guest needs by an intranet network that allows the staff to promptly take care of the guests’ needs. New technological developments in the kitchen like molecular gastronomy can work towards the complete guest satisfaction. But, in spite of all these technological advances in all the fields, the most important development has been that of information technology. Information technology has impacted all the aspects of the hotel and affects all the functions of the hospitality industry like guest relations and marketing. Information technology has become an indispensable part of the hospitality industry by restructuring every aspect to achieve maximum efficiency (Highbeam Business 2012). Customer segmentation, defining and forecasting consumer flow and thereby the marketing strategies of the hotel, and regulating the workforce are all achieved in an optimum way with the help of information technology. Thus, the widespread use of information technology has been the most important innovation in recent times. The hospitality industry can benefit a lot from this growth in the information technology. They can utilize various tools like websites, blogs, and social networking sites to promote their hotel and carve out a place for themselves in the market. The traditional modes of advertising have given way to the quicker and more efficient way of modern day marketing. Online advertising has many benefits like a global reach and also helps in cost cutting. Online reservations and ticketing have opened up seemingly unending vistas for the growth in the modern day travelling. It has increased the ease and at the same time has helped the hotels by increasing their client base. Customer feedback is also sought online and this helps the hotels to continuously innovate, improve and modify their service offerings and standards. The growth in the field of information technology, though very good for the hospitality industry, has its own drawback that has to be considered. The continuous development in the technology means that the larger hotel chains that have tremendous resources at their disposal can continuously innovate and implement the latest technological advances (Victorino et al. 2012). But, this has negative implications for the smaller hotels as they have to  cope up with the rising customer expectations but will not be able to financially support the upgrades. At the same time, technology, though efficient, has the tendency to remove the human element out of the guest operations that can severely impact the guest perception about the hotel. Therefore, the hotels have to continuously strive to achieve a correct balance between the efficiency of the automation and also the warmth of the personal touch while dealing with the guest needs. Service customization is a recent development in the field of service innovation. Service customization dictates that the services of the hotels should be altered and streamlined according to the needs of the guests. Examples of service customization will be the personalization of the room decor according to the specific demands of the guests or providing the guests with meals that have been prepared according to their instructions and using the ingredients of their choice. Providing pet care options is another example of service customization where the guest is provided with the services of his choice. But, it is not easy to implement service customization as it will require very flexible staff and customer policies and may also require extra staff to take care of the specific needs of the guests. Though the concept of service customization can result in high levels of guest satisfaction, it has also many problems that need to be considered. Implementing new methods of service customization will entail making drastic and sweeping changes to the operational strategies and may result in challenges like problems in shift timings and the requirement of more skilled workforce. These have to be carefully looked into by the individual and an assessment needs to be done into the financial and operational feasibility of the proposed change before implementing them. Along with these there are various industry and government guidelines, like HACCP, that have to be considered before introducing the new policies. Contemporary tools like six sigma can be used to add value and also evaluate the new policies. Service innovation and service customization along with modern day technologies are of utmost importance to achieve guest satisfaction and also to ensure loyal customers. It is only with their successful implementation that the hospitality industry can meet rising customer expectations. The guests visiting the different hotels look for an experience that is ‘home away from home’. The guests and the hotels share a relation that can be related to the concept of a host and his guests. If the only defining aspect is the financial one then the hotel stands to lose the guest who will seek a more personal experience (Lashley and Morrison 2000). This requires the hotel staff to be proactive towards the fulfillment of the guest needs and also exceeding their expectations by being attentive and also anticipate the needs of the guests. This will ensure that the guests will be surprised by the warmth of the hotel and will want to come back for more. Therefore, along with technological advances, having a competent staff is very important for the hotel to achieve guest satisfaction. In the pursuit of achieving excellence in the area of guest satisfaction, the hospitality industry can ill afford to neglect the needs of the staff. It is said that the amount of guest satisfaction will be equal to the amount of employee satisfaction, because only an employee who is happy with his work can deliver a positive guest experience. Therefore, the hospitality industry has to employ active human resource management policies that will ensure the employee satisfaction and commitment towards the satisfaction of the guests. There are many ways in which the employees can be made to work proactively towards the goals of the hotel. One of the main method is to empower the staff by making them a part of the decision making process (Spinelli and Canavos 2000). This will have a tremendous impact on the employee morale and at the same time will help the management to recognize the needs of the guests because it is the frontline staff that deals with the employees. In addition to these measures, the employee complaints should be actively taken into consideration and tried to be resolved effectively. Employee reward schemes will have a positive impact on their performances if they are linked to the guest feedback and are implemented transparently and fairly. Employee attrition is another major challenge that the faces the contemporary managers in their efforts to achieve excellence (Ravikumar 2012). Well trained staff is imperative to achieve guest satisfaction and the rising attrition leads to the shortage of adequately trained staff. When the staff leaves then the new employees have to be trained according to the standards of the organization and this results in the increasing costs. This has a direct impact on the profits and severely hampers the growth of the hotel. This leads to the hotels being forced to increase the salaries, which increases the operational costs. The recent skyrocketing of the costs of the raw materials has an Impact on the  satisfaction of the guests as it requires the funds that could have been utilized for improving guest facilities to be diverted elsewhere. All of these adversely impact the quality of the service provided to the guests. The very existence of the hospitality industry depends on the experience of the guests when they visit the hotel and it is of paramount importance for the hospitality industry to continuously work towards the fulfil lment of the needs of the guests. As mentioned earlier, the focus should not be on merely meeting the guest expectations; but, on exceeding them.

Noam Chomskys Contribution to Linguistics Essay Example

Noam Chomskys Contribution to Linguistics Essay Noam Chomsky was born in Philadelphia in 1928. Noam Chomsky would have to be seen as one of the most significant and influential linguists of the twentieth century. Chomsky received his linguistic training under Leonard Bloomfield, whose behaviorist empiricism dominated American linguistics during the 1930s and 1940s, and from Zellig Harris, whose political stances during the 1950s pleased Chomsky more than his version of linguistic structuralism. In contrast to Saussure and Firth, many linguists writing in the later part of the twentieth century have been avowedly mentalist or cognitivist. The most famous of these is Noam Chomsky. As with Saussure and Firth, it will be impossible to do full justice to an influential and widely discussed scholar. (A brief but useful evaluation of the earlier years of Chomskys contribution to linguistics, psychology and philosophy can be found in Lyons 1970; and Chomskys more recent views can be found in Chomsky 2000). Even at the early stage, Chomsky was producing highly original work, which diverged fundamentally Harriss. In his B.A. thesis he was doing things that were, in his own words, radically at odds with everything in structural linguistics†¦ which is why [it and Logical Structure of Linguistic Theory] were published only 30 years later. The thesis was as different from structural linguistics as anything could be, which was why Harris never looked at it and no one in the field reacted to it. In fact, Morphophonemics of Modern Hebrew remains the only text in existence, that seeks to apply and evaluation measure in anything remotely like the detail. We will write a custom essay sample on Noam Chomskys Contribution to Linguistics specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Noam Chomskys Contribution to Linguistics specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Noam Chomskys Contribution to Linguistics specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Noam Chomskys contribution to Linguistics The programme of cognitive linguistics initiated by Chomsky and his colleagues in the 1950s and 1960s proposed a distinction between deep and surface structure in language. At least in the early stages of this programme, deep structure was assumed to have a mental reality closely related to meaning: It is the deep structure underlying the actual utterance, a structure that is purely mental, that conveys the semantic content of the sentence. It was also suggested that this deep structure might be universal: The deep structure that expresses the meaning is common to all languages, so it is claimed, being a simple reflection of the forms of thought (Chomsky 1966, p.35). Those who followed Descartes characteristically assumed that mental processes are common to all normal humans and that languages may therefore differ in the manner of expression but not in the thoughts expressed (Chomsky 1966, p.6). This universalism is itself tied to mentalism: The discovery of universal principles wo uld provide a partial explanation for the facts of particular languages, in so far as these could be shown to be simply specific instances of the general features of language structure†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Beyond this, the universal features themselves might be explained on the basis of general assumptions about human mental processes or the contingencies of the language use†¦..'(Chomsky 1966, p.54). Chomskys contribution to linguistics, and thence to modern thought, has been broadly threefold. In the first place, he moved the emphasis of linguistics form the strictly descriptive and inductive level (the level of the endless cataloguing of utterances from which conclusions about grammar could then be drawn) to the ideal level of competence and deep stricture, the level which opens up a creative aspect in language. In short, Chomsky showed, within his technical expertise in linguistics, that language was more than its material execution. Second, he brought about a reconsideration of language learning by arguing that language competence is not acquired inductively through a behaviorist stimulus-response conditioning, but is the consequence of an innate cognitive capacity possessed by human. In other words, linguistic freedom and creativity is not acquired, but always already exists as a governing a priori. Third, the distinction between competence and performance—even when i t was poorly understood—has served as a metaphor for structural studies in other disciplines such as philosophy and sociology (cf., Habermass notion of communicative competence, and Bourdieus notion of habitus – notions which echo Chomskys conception of agency). Noam Chomskys, Remarks on Nominalization (1970), Influence on the development of generative word-formation appeared to be crucial. In Mohanans view, with this seminal paper the traditional notion of word was reintroduced into generative linguistics. Chomsky captured certain lexical regularities in terms of lexical rules; these rules differ in their nature from the transformational rules of sentence generation. Lexical rules are, in Chomskys view, redundancy rules, that is to say, the rules which capture regularities in the lexical entries. Chomsky distinguishes two possible ways of treating derived nominal (and the issues of deriving new word in general); one either extends base rules to accommodate the derived nominals directly (all complex words will be listed in the lexicon), thus simplifying the transformational component—the lexicalist position; or, it is the base structures which may be simplified, and the derivation of nominalizations (and, by implication, all other complex words) would be the matter of transformational rules (without listing any complex word in the lexicon)—the transformational position. In 1965 Chomsky dropped the kernel sentence notion in a major reworking of his model, which introduced a revolutionary new concept to the theory of syntax: a distinction between underlying (deep) structure and surface structure, the two inter-related by transformations, allowing active and passive sentences, for example, to have the same deep structure but two different transformational histories producing two different surface structures, published as Aspects of the Theory of Syntax, this became known as the standard theory. In practice, however, the model soon showed itself to be cumbersome and insufficiently sensitive to the needs of languages other than English. Chomsky and his colleagues made substantial revisions during the 1970s to create the extended standard theory. The old phrase-structure rules were largely replaced by a more flexible syntactic process known as X-bar theory. The deep/surface distinction was preserved along with transformations, but in a heavily modified fo rm, and there were also new features, all tending towards greater simplicity. The revised model (called Government and Binding (GB), later Principles and Parameters (PP)) appeared in 1981 and gave the whole generativist enterprise a new lease of life. Since then there have been further simplifying changes resulting in The Minimalist Program of the 1990s. Syntactic Structures Chomskys first book Syntactic Structures (1957) gave its name to the first wave of thinking, which was chiefly concerned with grammatical description. Its contribution was to show that mentalistic grammar could be made scientific by the use of explicit and rigorous forms of statement, known as Generative Grammar. Hierarchical phrase structure was described through rewrite rules of the S—NP VP type that expand one element into others, yielding eventually kernel sentences of the language. But such rules were incapable of describing the whole of human language and needed to be amplified by transformations that could modify the structure of the kernel sentence into passives, questions, etc. A key example sentence as Colorless green ideas sleep furiously, held to show the difference between grammaticality and meaningfulness. Conclusion Chomskys work has always been motivated by a single goal: to explain human language acquisition. Many of the changes mentioned above were expressly designed to help account for the acquisition process by offering simpler procedures in tune with in the innate capacities of the acquirer.   The reintroduction of innate ideas has been Chomskys most far-reaching and controversial Proposition. For a recent statement of the role semantics in linguistics, see Noam Chomsky, Topics in the theory of Generative Grammar. In this article, Chomsky (1) emphasizes the central importance of semantics in linguistic theory, (2) argues for the superiority of transformational grammars   over phrase-structure grammars largely on the grounds that, although phrase-structure grammars   may be adequate to define sentencehood for (at least) some natural languages, they are inadequate as a foundation for semantics, and (3) comments repeatedly on the rather primitive state of the concepts of semantics and remarks that the notion of semantic interpretation still resists any deep analysis. nbsp;

Essay on American Government and Politics Part 1

Essay on American Government and Politics Part 1 Essay on American Government and Politics Part 1 Essay on American Government and Politics Part 1The restriction of the hate speech is the issue worth considering since hate speeches may be as dangerous as hate crimes, but, if hate speech are delivered to the large audience, they may be even more dangerous than hate crimes. Therefore, hate speeches should be banned because they wreak havoc in society, give rise to radical ideas and movements and encourage hate crimes.At this point, it is possible to refer to the recent case of Philadelphia gay bashing, which evoked numerous negative and hate speeches openly published online as well as in other media. In fact, making hate speech leads to the radicalization of the audience and, as Butler justly remarks, hate speech makes the situation even worse since the public response to the hate crime evokes not just a negative public response and condemnation but creates condition for new hate crimes.At the same time, hate speech against representatives of some ethnic groups are offensive and un acceptable as was the case of Costella in New Hampshire, who made hate speech against two employees of Wal-Mart (JTA, 2014). Such hate speeches are manifestations of disrespect to basic rights of people and their discrimination on the ground of their ethnic or racial background. Hate speeches are also provocative since employees offended by Costella could have responded in the violent way, if their psychological condition and response were different.Thus, hate speech should be banned because it contributes to the radicalization of society, emergence of hatred and growing tension in relations between people. Unlike a hate crime, hate speech can reach the broad audience and cause riots and other issues.Government and Politics Part 2

International business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words - 1

International business - Essay Example This report aims at discussing why certain overseas businesses have a decentralized operations systems while the other follows a more centralized form. There have been several debates and discussions on this topic and the reasons why companies choose different forms of organisational structures in different places. To understand this better it is essential to firstly understand the meaning of decentralised and centralised forms of organisational operations. This will lead various factors that allow companies to choose the different style and also how the two differ in the case of different companies. There have been numerous debates and discussions in regards to the definition of ‘Decentralization’, and in a number of events this term has been mixed with ‘devolution’ or ‘delegation’. In the case of multi national companies and their operations, decentralization can be taken to mean the decision making rights or responsibilities, i.e. away from the centre and spread out across the various locations. Decentralization of a business operation simply means that the operation of every location is separate and based on the needs of the particular location. Here the main managers and heads of the company for each location are held responsible for the strategies, plans and operations of the particular location. In simpler terms the process of decentralization involves the decision making process and authority of the firm to a larger number of actors rather than a limited few in the central office. Operations in these kinds of companies are decentralized and the management for each area is different. Hence a decentralized management allows the company to perform better in the various regions and ensure that the company works in accordance with the region, culture, values and ethics. Also if the operations are tailor made for the

Political science (you can find the topic from sources) Essay

Political science (you can find the topic from sources) - Essay Example Anti-Federalists were alarmed that the Constitution would demolish civil liberties and genuine democracy if the states yield significant power to the new national government. They asserted that representation should be fair in all terms of directness and intimacy, with the government representing as many interests as possible. Politicians must then be substantively like the people they represent. They may not necessarily be the political elite, but instead, ordinary people who were educated enough to participate in political affairs. Anti-Federalists based this assertion the logic that those who were more responsible were less self-interested and those who knew their accountability were less prone to corruption. The people were more responsible than the political elite because they were more in touch of the realities of their local communities. They were less prone to corruption because they would be less vulnerable to damaging their representation to the local populace where they ca me from. The Anti-Federalists, furthermore, intended to have an outcome where there were small constituencies with many representatives, where the axis of power is on the states or local bases, not the national base of collectivity or community of interest. They wanted strong powerful states, not a powerful national government. These powerful states could make decisions regarding their political, social, and economic affairs without intrusion or intervention from the national government. With these goals, outcomes, and processes, Anti-Federalists were leaning more toward descriptive and participative forms of representation. The Federalists believed, on the contrary, the representation is a nationally-determined public good. They did not reject the states’ rights to representation, though they focused on a political arena of substantive representation. The states could represent themselves in Congress and to some extent, in Senate, but they should not be concentrated on their state

To examine a sector in the service industry and analyse the service Assignment

To examine a sector in the service industry and analyse the service marketing issues affecting one of the organisations in that sector - Assignment Example Over the last one year the industry has been the hot topic of discussion due to the recent global financial turmoil which has shaken the banking industry in most of the developed countries in the world. UK is one of the largest economies in the world. As a result its banking industry greatly influences not its own economy but also the global economy. UK banking industry is the third largest banking sector in the world. It is one of the most efficient and dynamic industry in the entire Europe. It serves almost 95% of UK’s total population. Almost 3.5% of total workforce in UK is employed in UK banking industry. It has been found that productivity of UK financial sector is growing at a rate which three times higher than the pace of the UK economy. The sector is heavily influencing the GDP of the country. In 2007 financial sector and banks contributed approximately 70 billion euro to the national output of the country and this amount is almost 7% of UK’s GDP. Most importan tly this amount has witnessed an increase by 100% from the year 2003. UK banking sector is considered as the world leading center for private banking, investment and cross border banking. It is holding the fifth position in terms of global international lending. It has been observed that almost one third of global foreign exchange business involve banks in London only. As of December 2008 there are 381 credit institutions in UK. Moreover there are total 163 foreign credit institutions. Furthermore there are 2,241 investment firms in UK (Financial Service Authority, n.d.). The banking industry has gone through a radical transformation because of market liberalization. Significant deregulations and competition that was created out of that were the two main reasons behind this. In UK banking industry deregulation started when Competition and Credit Control in 1971 (CCC) was introduced in 1971. The competitiveness of UK banking

The Consequences Of Melting Polar Ice Caps Environmental Sciences Essay

The Consequences Of Melting Polar Ice Caps Environmental Sciences Essay The polar ice caps that we see today have taken centuries to form and they ve been melting from time to time in order to form lakes and rivers that are essential not only for animal and plant life, but for humans as well all over the world. Furthermore, as precipitation takes its toll the ice caps that melt gets replaced by fresh snow that is later on over time converted to ice. Thus it is safe to say that the melting of the polar ice caps is a normal occurrence, however it becomes a problem when the ice caps melt at a fast rate and turning into water faster and in more quantity than the fresh snow replacing it. This is the current situation of most of today s polar ice caps all over the world. As they reduce in size, stability, and strength they eventually break off and melt away thereby increasing sea levels among other things. The major consequences of melting polar ice caps can be said in the following order below: 1. Global Warming. We are currently experiencing warmer temperatures all over the world today as temperatures have gone high, and global warming is becoming more alarming day by day. This rise in temperature helps polar ice caps melt faster than it should be. Ice caps have even disappeared in certain parts of the world due to this. The melting of the polar ice caps increases global warming because ice glaciers deflects or bounces off about 80% heat from the sun and retain or absorb about 20% of it. However, when sunlight falls on earth, only 20% of the heat is deflected and 80% is absorbed. This in turn increases sea water temperatures, melting ice faster causing the earth to get warmer. 2. Shortage of Fresh Water. Earth looks sort of enveloped and covered with water when seen from space which causes people to think that we are self-sufficient with water. However, this is just the opposite as most of the water that we can see from space in pictures is just salt water that is not good for human use and only 2% of it is considered as freshwater good enough for human use in which 70% of it comes from ice caps and glaciers. People in certain parts of the world depend on this fresh source of water for not only drinking but for agricultural purposes as well. There are certain areas around the Himalayas that are currently in crisis due to this especially in dry months as populations rise. 3. Reduced Agricultural Output. To begin with, for the areas where agriculture mainly depends on rain, they won t be effected by melting of the ice caps. However these areas are few around the world. Areas that are affected are those that depend on fresh water coming from ice caps and glaciers. When ice caps keep on melting there will be lesser fresh water for agriculture which will make the lands dry and not suitable for agriculture thus reduce the total output leading to a shortage in harvest. 4. Excessive Flooding. There are ice caps all over the world and it should be understood that the difference between polar ice caps and ice caps is that the later are present also on lands. Melting of these ice caps causes excessive flooding which is very dangerous for the people and animals that are living in those areas as it would destroy homes, habitats, and lives. Furthermore, polar ice caps and ice glaciers on higher altitudes melt faster which form new lakes and raise river water levels as well causing floods. This is also a cause of concern as when these river water levels rise and lakes burst, they lead to major disasters destroying everything crossing its path. 5. Rise In Sea Level. As the polar ice caps melt at a faster rate, the more the sea levels rise. The consequences of this will be of dire magnitude and people living in coastal regions all over the world will have to relocate and live somewhere else, thereby decreasing amount of living space, due to soil erosion, flooding, and their fresh water being contaminated with salt water of the sea. It has been estimated that the sea level rising 1mm to 2mm per year. It has also been estimated that in the U.S there will be a 3-foot rise in sea level in the Gulf coast which will lead to the deluge of more tha 22,000 square miles of land. 6. Habitat Loss. There are plenty of animals, birds, and even fishes that depend on the polar ice caps and its temperatures for their survival. There are fishes depend on food such as phytoplankton and sea-plants that are underwater near the ice caps and there are birds such as snow owls that depend on these fishes near the ice caps and animals and humans who depend on certain birds for food. They are all connected. As sea water temperatures get warmer and sea levels rise, the sea plants in which these fishes feed off n live on will eventually die out n disappear and this in turn will lead to the increase in the death toll of fishes and birds will reduce due to lack of fishes to feed on, making survival for birds very difficult. Thus disturbing the whole ecosystem. Furhtermore the reduction of fishes has an impact on the polar bear as they have much less to feed on forcing them to take long journeys away from their habitat which also forces to eat what they don t normally eat. This journey is a risky one as some of the polar bear don t make it alive an die on the way as there are many threats as starvation and threats underwater such as killer whales and sharks. Seals, whales, and walruses are also adapting to this change to migrating patters which makes hunting for them by natives very difficult thus leaving the natives without food as well. In addition to the melting of the ice caps, blocks of ice are breaking off forcing seals to give bith underwater which causes many of the pups to die by drowning. Also separation occurs due to breaking of the ice at young ages leading to higher mortality rates. 7. Coral Reefs Will Vanish. Coral reefs need sunlight for photosynthesis not only for their own survival but also for the survival of the various types of fishes that depend on it. As sea levels rise higher making waters deeper, the presence of sunlight under water becomes lesser as the sunlight becomes harder to reach the coral reefs. This in turn corrupts the quality of corals and may even kill them. Certain fishes won t survive as they depend on the reefs for food and this will later have an impact on people who depend on fish for survival. 8. Recontamination Of Earth. Most people today have never even heard DDT and such pesticides as they were banned all over the world years ago. These substances were airborne and eventually wounded up in cooler areas near the ice caps and polar ice caps. Unfortunately the story doesn t end there as most of these harmful airborne chemicals got trapped inside the polar ice caps and glaciers, which later chunks of ice melt and break off, the chemicals, are then released back into the environment in seas, rivers, and lakes containing glaciers. 9. Melting Of The Polar Ice Caps Affects The Whole World. The melting of the polar ice caps is not only limited to specific parts of the world. The rapid melting of the ice is a global concern and its consequences affect the whole world in every continent, especially when it comes to global warming. Conclusion In conclusion, the consequences of the melting polar ice caps are not only limited to specific areas of the world but rather are a global consequence and one that has many concerns and should be dealt with immediately because the polar ice caps are still melting and sea levels are rising, effecting us all over the world as mentioned above. Unfortunately nothing can be done about the rapid melting of the polar ice caps at the moment but global warming is a major factor in the rapid decrease of the ice caps and everyone should contribute to reduce global warming as a first step.

Criticisms in An Inspector Calls Essay -- Critics An Inspector Calls S

Criticisms in An Inspector Calls 'An Inspector Calls' is a very thought provoking and rousing play. It was obviously written to make a strong point and illustrate the social gap between classes. This play was written in 1945 and since then, times and situations have changed enormously. However, this play still has great relevance today due to the fact that as a country we retain strong upper class societies who are very definitely detached. In the following essay, I aim to outline the many arguments and lines of thought that this play incites. To illustrate this I will use extracts from the play. I will also use my own thoughts and opinions: Before the Inspector enters, we are already forming opinions and views on the characters. Mr Birling seems very worried about wealth and social ranking. He says to Gerald who is his daughter's fiancÃÆ'Â ©, 'You ought to like this port Gerald. Finchley told me it's exactly the same port as your father gets from him.' Gerald's parents have a much higher social status than Mr Birling, and he is obviously trying to impress Gerald so he will pass it on to his parents. Mrs Birling also seems very prudish and stuffy. When Mr Birling makes a comment about the quality of the meal and asks her to inform the cook she replies with, 'Arthur, you're not supposed to say such things-' Although not as obvious as her husband, she is also trying to make a good impression and convey the fact that she is an important lady, with wealth and rank. She is anxious for the marriage between Sheila and Gerald to go ahead because she is always trying to smooth things over and make it run smoothly. For example, when Gerald tries to get Sheila to admit how much he loves her and she does not r... ...n anyway or show any sorrow or repentance. I think that this shows that older people find it harder to adjust and some people are just set in their ways and have no inclination to change. The play also illustrates and criticises the gap in social stature and behaviour. If people are believed to be 'upper class' then they treat anyone below them with disdain and no interest. This play is illustrating that the Inspector treats both classes with the same attitude. He treats the Birlings with the same respect or resistance he would to any other suspect or interviewee. He does not give them preferential treatment and I think that this is showing how everyone should treat each other. The play is criticising the fact that as individuals we do not consider the consequences of our actions, and that as a society we do not realise what one action can lead to.

Digital Fortress Chapter 44

Phil Chartrukian stood fuming in the Sys-Sec lab. Strathmore's words echoed in his head: Leave now! That's an order! He kicked the trash can and swore in the empty lab. â€Å"Diagnostic, my ass! Since when does the deputy director bypass Gauntlet's filters!?† The Sys-Secs were well paid to protect the computer systems at the NSA, and Chartrukian had learned that there were only two job requirements: be utterly brilliant and exhaustively paranoid. Hell, he cursed, this isn't paranoia! The fucking Run-Monitor's reading eighteen hours! It was a virus. Chartrukian could feel it. There was little doubt in his mind what was going on: Strathmore had made a mistake by bypassing Gauntlet's filters, and now he was trying to cover it up with some half-baked story about a diagnostic. Chartrukian wouldn't have been quite so edgy had TRANSLTR been the only concern. But it wasn't. Despite its appearance, the great decoding beast was by no means an island. Although the cryptographers believed Gauntlet was constructed for the sole purpose of protecting their code-breaking masterpiece, the Sys-Secs understood the truth. The Gauntlet filters served a much higher god. The NSA's main databank. The history behind the databank's construction had always fascinated Chartrukian. Despite the efforts of the Department of Defense to keep the Internet to themselves in the late 1970s, it was too useful a tool not to attract the public-sector. Eventually universities pried their way on. Shortly after that came the commercial servers. The floodgates opened, and the public poured in. By the early 90's, the government's once-secure â€Å"Internet† was a congested wasteland of public E-mail and cyberporn. Following a number of unpublicized, yet highly damaging computer infiltrations at the Office of Naval Intelligence, it became increasingly clear that government secrets were no longer safe on computers connected to the burgeoning Internet. The President, in conjunction with the Department of Defense, passed a classified decree that would fund a new, totally secure government network to replace the tainted Internet and function as a link between U.S. intelligence agencies. To prevent further computer pilfering of government secrets, all sensitive data was relocated to one, highly secure location-the newly constructed NSA databank-the Fort Knox of U.S. intelligence data. Literally millions of the country's most classified photos, tapes, documents, and videos were digitized and transferred to the immense storage facility and then the hard copies were destroyed. The databank was protected by a triple-layer power relay and a tiered digital backup system. It was also 214 feet underground to shield it from magnetic fields and possible explosions. Activities within the control room were designated Top Secret Umbra†¦ the country's highest level of security. The secrets of the country had never been safer. This impregnable databank now housed blueprints for advanced weaponry, witness protection lists, aliases of field agents, detailed analyses and proposals for covert operations. The list was endless. There would be no more black-bag jobs damaging U.S. intelligence. Of course, the officers of the NSA realized that stored data had value only if it was accessible. The real coup of the databank was not getting the classified data off the streets, it was making it accessible only to the correct people. All stored information had a security rating and, depending on the level of secrecy, was accessible to government officials on a compartmentalized basis. A submarine commander could dial in and check the NSA's most recent satellite photos of Russian ports, but he would not have access to the plans for an anti-drug mission in South America. CIA analysts could access histories of known assassins but could not access launch codes reserved for the President. Sys-Secs, of course, had no clearance for the information in the databank, but they were responsible for its safety. Like all large databanks-from insurance companies to universities-the NSA facility was constantly under attack by computer hackers trying to sneak a peek at the secrets waiting inside. But the NSA security programmers were the best in the world. No one had ever come close to infiltrating the NSA databank-and the NSA had no reason to think anybody ever would. Inside the Sys-Sec lab, Chartrukian broke into a sweat trying to decide whether to leave. Trouble in TRANSLTR meant trouble in the databank too. Strathmore's lack of concern was bewildering. Everyone knew that TRANSLTR and the NSA main databank were inextricably linked. Each new code, once broken, was fired from Crypto through 450 yards of fiber-optic cable to the NSA databank for safe keeping. The sacred storage facility had limited points of entry-and TRANSLTR was one of them. Gauntlet was supposed to be the impregnable threshold guardian. And Strathmore had bypassed it. Chartrukian could hear his own heart pounding. TRANSLTR's been stuck eighteen hours! The thought of a computer virus entering TRANSLTR and then running wild in the basement of the NSA proved too much. â€Å"I've got to report this,† he blurted aloud. In a situation like this, Chartrukian knew there was only one person to call: the NSA's senior Sys-Sec officer, the short-fused, 400-pound computer guru who had built Gauntlet. His nickname was Jabba. He was a demigod at the NSA-roaming the halls, putting out virtual fires, and cursing the feeblemindedness of the inept and the ignorant. Chartrukian knew that as soon as Jabba heard Strathmore had bypassed Gauntlet's filters, all hell would break loose. Too bad, he thought, I've got a job to do. He grabbed the phone and dialed Jabba's twenty-four-hour cellular.

Spain, England, France, German States, And Russian during the 1700s

Spain, England, France, German States, And Russian during the 1700s Section 1: Spain- The Spanish Empire reached its height during the reign of Charles's son, Philip II, who became king in 1556.- In 1580, Philip II of Spain enforced his claim to the Portuguese throne by invading and conquering the country.- Spain gained control of the Philippine Islands during the late 1500's.- Spain also fought to defend western Europe from the expanding Ottoman Empire. Philip's rule brought the beginning of the Golden Age of Spanish art, a time when writers and painters created some of Spain's greatest artistic works.- Although Philip ruled a worldwide empire and Spain was the strongest nation in Europe, signs of strain began to appear.- Wars, inflation, and poor economic management weakened the country's economy. Philip's attempts to slow or stop the advance of Protestantism in Europe met serious opposition from the Netherlands and England. In the 1560's, the Netherlands rebelled against Spain.English: Coat of arms illustration from a grant of...In 1588, Philip II launched a great Spanish Armada of about 130 ships in an unsuccessful attempt to conquer England. English ships repelled the armada, and storms destroyed many of the Spanish ships during the retreat.- Only about two-thirds of the armada made it back to Spain.- In the 1600's, Spain was weakened by wars, rebellions, economic crises, and weak rulers.- Fighting in the Netherlands continued into the early 1600's. Spain heavily financed the Roman Catholic cause in the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648).- It also fought wars with France and faced rebellions in Portugal and the region of Catalonia in northern Spain.- The last Spanish Habsburg, Charles II, had no children of his own.- In 1700, he named a French duke, Philip of Anjou, as heir to the Spanish throne. Philip was a grandson of France's King Louis XIV, who reigned...

Free Essays on Child Psych

Over the past five days everyone around the world has done a great deal of thinking about family. Living close to the city, I have been greatly affected by the events that occurred on September 11, 2001. As I sat in my dorm room on that dreaded day I thought about what life would be like without my father who is a New York City police officer as well as my uncles and cousin that work within a block of the buildings. Unable to get in touch with anyone I know, because of the brought down phone lines, I sat and wondered. I wondered about where they were and what they saw. I thought about how scared they were and if they got out in time. The thoughts that ran through my head on September 11, 2001 are unexplainable. Only two days before, I saw my family in a totally different way. I described my family as being my mother, father, and two brothers. Now, when I begin to tell about my family, I gain a picture of everyone ranging from my mother and father to my second and third cousins. I realize that each and every one of these people has touched my life in one-way or another. Even if it was only a phone call or a Christmas card to the family once a year, they still are my family. After finding out that everything was good and well with the people I was most concerned about I felt a sigh of relief. Next, I imagined life without them once again. And I could not imagine it. What would I do? Where would I be? What would I do without my uncle who has made it a point my entire life to let me know that I am special? Where would I be without my cousin who was always so cool to me? Who would remember my birthday if my uncle was not here? These questions now make me understand how much and how often I take loved ones for granted. I have never considered the idea that they may not be here one day. Now, this thought takes over my life. When I first completed my autobiography I stated that I would not change anything a... Free Essays on Child Psych Free Essays on Child Psych Over the past five days everyone around the world has done a great deal of thinking about family. Living close to the city, I have been greatly affected by the events that occurred on September 11, 2001. As I sat in my dorm room on that dreaded day I thought about what life would be like without my father who is a New York City police officer as well as my uncles and cousin that work within a block of the buildings. Unable to get in touch with anyone I know, because of the brought down phone lines, I sat and wondered. I wondered about where they were and what they saw. I thought about how scared they were and if they got out in time. The thoughts that ran through my head on September 11, 2001 are unexplainable. Only two days before, I saw my family in a totally different way. I described my family as being my mother, father, and two brothers. Now, when I begin to tell about my family, I gain a picture of everyone ranging from my mother and father to my second and third cousins. I realize that each and every one of these people has touched my life in one-way or another. Even if it was only a phone call or a Christmas card to the family once a year, they still are my family. After finding out that everything was good and well with the people I was most concerned about I felt a sigh of relief. Next, I imagined life without them once again. And I could not imagine it. What would I do? Where would I be? What would I do without my uncle who has made it a point my entire life to let me know that I am special? Where would I be without my cousin who was always so cool to me? Who would remember my birthday if my uncle was not here? These questions now make me understand how much and how often I take loved ones for granted. I have never considered the idea that they may not be here one day. Now, this thought takes over my life. When I first completed my autobiography I stated that I would not change anything a... Free Essays on Child Psych Abstract An important question for child care researchers today is how characteristics of the home and the child care setting together affect children’s development. There is mixed opinion on how differences and similarities between professionals’ beliefs, values and practices for raising children impact their development. There is strong theoretical support for the idea that continuity in children’s experiences from home and child care settings promote optimal development, and that major differences pose developmental challenges, especially for children in very early childhood. However, research that is available suggests that children from families with lower educational and economic resources can benefit from different environments if the care setting is more advantageous than that provided by the family. This paper examines early child care settings and the effects, whether they are good or bad, on the developing child. Also, different factors and variables will be presented in relation to the quality and promotion of congruence across care settings. This paper details different studies done on early child care from accredited literature and institutions, as well as magazines that focus on the topic of children and their development. Early Child Care and Effects on the Developing Child Recently there have been different viewpoints concerning the child care question, with assertions that non-parental care of young children is detrimental to their development. However, despite these assertions, research suggests that, given high quality care, the experience of child care is not harmful and can be beneficial to children. The simple question, â€Å"Is child care good or bad?† can be thrown out the window. In order to ensure that all children receive good quality care one must ask questions that revolve around what makes up good quality care, and how it meets the requirements of the children involv...

Food Allergies & Intolerances in the UK - Current Issues Essay

Food Allergies & Intolerances in the UK - Current Issues - Essay Example In case of tolerance, the patient can take the small quantity of the food without any reaction at all. In opposite, in case of food allergy, even a tiny quantity of food may activate a severe allergy reaction. Symptoms of intolerance will not be much quicker but allergy symptoms to any specific food could be immediate and instant. Both allergy and intolerance can result in a host of unpleasant and terrifying, fierce and probable fatal outcomes. Symptoms can occur over the patient’s body and can result in rashes, swelling of the mouth, wheezing, inflammation and digestive issues. There is no medical cure for these ailments and avoiding the specific food is the only available relief and a key issue is in identifying that particular food correctly (Stracey 2010). FSA (Food Standard Agency) in collaboration with the DEFRA introduced a new law on labelling of allergen which came into effect 13 December 2014 and this is known as Food Information Regulations EU1169/2011.Under this law, fourteen food allergen has to be named in the label if they have been used or if it contains ingredients made from them in pre-packed foods. Further, food manufacturers have required now to emphasis these allergens within the ingredients list. In the case of non-packed food items, such ingredients should be mentioned on a chalkboard, a labelled menu or by orally (Food.gov.uk 2014). The research study by Cochrane et al (2013) in the UK found that the vegetables and fruits were the chief cause of food allergy in adults (26%), eggs in young children (38%), and cow’s milk was the common in school going children(28%). When one’s immune system is puzzled instead of snubbing harmless food proteins, then food allergy happen as it triggers a reaction, which results in the discharge of a chemical known as ‘histamine’. The main culprit is the histamine which causes the typical allergy indications of swelling or hives. Anaphylaxis is the most severe reaction and this may be life-threatening.  Ã‚  

Moral Permissibility of Abortion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Moral Permissibility of Abortion - Essay Example Finally, moderate view supporters will consider the stage of fetus development and suggest that abortion is possible at the early term. In this essay, I will argue that despite the fact that Deb has a legal right to terminate the pregnancy, she needs to choose a solution which would give more positive consequences that the opposite one. Pro-life critics would oppose this argument saying that there is not case where human life can be taken away by other people. Human life is the biggest value. However, challenging the way people define ‘human’ and ‘sentience’ can lead to acceptance of abortion under some circumstances. In many ways, moral permissibility of abortion depends on the state of fetus development. According to Sumner (1981), human fetus is not static in its development. First of all it is constantly developing. Second, it is developing gradually and, third, there is a huge difference between the beginning of the pregnancy and the end of pregnancy where fetus is well-developed (Sumner, 1981). When a woman becomes pregnant, there is only a zygote in her body which does not look and act as a human being. In the process of development, zygote transforms becoming more developed and human-like. During late stages of pregnancy, the fetus is already well-developed. If a child is born being seven, eight or nine months, it can survive with the help of doctors. This fact proves that sentient characteristics in fetus develop in time; they are not presented in zygote initially. Thus, abortion during at the early term is permissible. These three characteristics used by Sumner (1981) in moral reasoning of abortion lead to the rejection of the main argument of prohibitionists as it does not consider that fact that pregnancy is a dynamic process. Conservatives argues that abortion is evil under any circumstances because it is the act of killing a

Prduction Planning and Scheduling Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Prduction Planning and Scheduling - Case Study Example An organization takes the advantage of planning and scheduling in various instances such as in online campaigning. In this case, an organization narrows down their targeted customers in the market in order to avoid unnecessary cost incurred during marketing and advertising to people not interested in the respective products and services. Creation of a schedule of online ads gives the organization an opportunity to take advantage of price promotions, and also set a budget. According to the Balloons Aloha case study, there are six customer jobs that need to use the helium tank in filling balloons. Therefore, there must be an effective way to sequence the jobs in order to allow a proper sequence order. In the short-term, the six jobs at the company need to have a clear planning and scheduling that allows filling of balloons in a sequential order. The Aloha’s Balloon sequencing system ensures the set six jobs are carried out in an effective manner as per schedule. Jobs are categorized based on processing time, and due dates to prevent collision during the procedure. Therefore, the company must aim at accomplishing long-terms goals by embarking on planning and

Stanislavski Essay Example for Free

Stanislavski Essay * Realistic theatre has been dominant for the past 100 years, on cinema and stage. * The idea is to create believable characters and situations and t=give the illusion of real life * It makes the audience believe what they see/hear and become involved in the play * This style evolved during the twentieth century, moving to selective realism (focus on particular characters and events) and magical realism (similar to realism but with magical/supernatural elements involved). * The movement of realism in theatre began in the 19th century to move away from melodrama. Stanislavski started this through he creation of his own theatre company. * Born in Moscow 17th Jan 1863 * Well educated as a child and often went to the opera and theatre. Took his name as Stanislavski in a amateur theatre in 1885 * Joined a group and directed/acted in plays, did not enjoy melodrama as much * He met with a successful playwright to discuss ways of changing theatre and as a result the Moscow arts theatre was created. * Its production were famous and a success. * In 1906, Stanislavski also began to develop a system to train actors, in 1912 set up a studio to experiment with these techniques and continued this for the rest of his life. * The Moscow arts theatre toured Europe and Stanislavski work was known worldwide. * He suffered a heart attack while acting and gave up acting, instead focusing on training actors and writing books on his techniques. * He died in Moscow on 7th august 1938. Most influential director developed a whole style of staging and acting that worked. * He experimented with himself and actors to develop his work and performers. Teaching them to observe and exercise their creativity. * â€Å"Theatre of living experience†- actors had to believe everything happening on stage and what they were doing. Actors needed to have self-control and intensive training. * Aims of the techniques were all the same: develop creative intelligence, complete self-discipline, control over their voice, diction and physical movement and experience and create human emotions. * Insisted that the actors made their own techniques too * He was extremely dedicated and demanded the same of his actors, made them repeat scenes if they were not real enough. * Had integrity and was willing to accept ideas and techniques but only did what he believed in. * Refused to do propaganda plays, even if it meant death. However he was rewarded, as they believed his almost scientific experimenting fitted with communist theory. He was honoured well I his own country. Grotowski * Transformation: mixture of realism, surrealism and ideological theatre. Actors transform themselves and the space representing not just characters but the entire context of the play: location, sound, and the whole world of drama. Actors transform the imagination of the audience by changing themselves on stage. * Experimented with Artaud’s techniques, shock and mesmerise the audience and Brecht’s epic theatre, strong political and social messages through narration, actors changing orles and simple objects to signify sets and locations. * Born in Poland. Setup a theatre in 1959 to study the way theatre worked, experimenting with staging and acting. * Through 1960s and 70s the company had brief tours overseas making his theatre and techniques world famous. In 1976 he moved away from acting and directing and worked with small groups to develop self-awareness and self-realisation using his techniques. * Even though he moved away from mainstream theatre, his contribution has been enormous and his training techniques and the most demanding and intensive. He also revolutionised directing and staging. * Grotowski always knew that theatre could not compete with v and films complex technical equipment. He eliminated these from his theatre and created a theatre of poverty where the important elements were the actors themselves and their relationship with the audience. * To make the relationship more intense, he abandoned traditional theatre building style and stage his plays in old buildings with small audiences. The actors and audience had to share the space. * He aimed to do what v and film could not and that was to bring the audience face-to-face with living characters and live action. He directed the plays so that the actors were all around the audience and sometimes in their personal space. * There was failure in trying the physically involve the audience. Instead he arranged the space to make the audience completely involved as possible. * The plays he directed dealt with important issues and in many of the productions, the protagonist was a Christ-like figure, tormented and crucified. He made the audience confronted with terrible questions. He said that the spectators of his show were researching for the truth about themselves and their purpose in life. * Often he would direct plays just to test out his new techniques.

New Testament Synopsis Essay -- Scripture Analysis, Theology, Bible

The basic story of the New Testament is that Jesus Christ is God incarnate as our Savior. All the Gospel authors, whether first-hand witnesses or faithful writers, described ways in which Jesus of Nazareth fulfilled Old Testament prophecies about the Messiah to come. The death and resurrection of Jesus are pivotal to the story of the Old and New Testament, as the climax and fulfillment of the salvation hopes expressed from the beginning of recorded history. The Gospels not only describe the birth and death of Jesus of Nazareth, but detail his life and teaching including minutiae which parallel portions of the Old Testament - and one would think this truth would have been recognized by more of His contemporaries. The rejection that was experienced by Christ in his day opened the door for redemption for the uttermost parts of the world, after which Israel is finally restored to Him. The book of Acts continues the story of God’s redemption of all-He-Wills. The church are ruled by the Holy Spirit leading God’s people as we live and are witnesses of His continued redemption. The book of Acts follows Jesus’ Great Commission, as stated in Acts1:8 â€Å"But you will receive power when the Holy Spirit comes on you; and you will be my witnesses in Jerusalem, and in all Judea and Samaria, and to the ends of the earth.† - Jerusalem (Acts chapters 1–5), Judea and Samaria (Acts chapters 6–9), through Syria, Asia Minor, and Europe towards Rome (Acts chapters 9–28) – the uttermost parts of the earth for them. The death and resurrection of Jesus Christ opened up the story of the Old Testament to be fulfilled and a blessing to the entire world – not just the chosen Jews. As a whole, the Epistles continue where Jesus’ story was closed in the Gos... ...uart (2009-07-06). How to Read the Bible Book by Book: A Guided Tour (pp. 267-268). Zondervan. Kindle Edition. Fee, (p. 315). Fee, (p. 317). Fee, (p. 324). Fee, Gordon D.; Douglas Stuart (2009-07-06). How to Read the Bible Book by Book: A Guided Tour (p. 333). Zondervan. Kindle Edition. Fee, (p. 340). Fee, (p. 347). Fee, (p. 353). Fee, (p. 359). Fee, (p. 369). Fee, (p. 364). Fee, Gordon D.; Douglas Stuart (2009-07-06). How to Read the Bible Book by Book: A Guided Tour (p. 387). Zondervan. Kindle Edition. Fee, (p. 373). Fee, (p. 379). Fee, (p. 383). Fee, (p. 390). Fee, (p. 397). Fee, (p. 402). Fee, Gordon D.; Douglas Stuart (2009-07-06). How to Read the Bible Book by Book: A Guided Tour (p. 407). Zondervan. Kindle Edition. Fee, (p. 411). Fee, (p. 420). Fee, (p. 423). Fee, (p. 426). Fee, (p. 316).